Nexus Standards · NS-14 · Proposed
NS-14
NS-14: Conformance and crosswalk to external standards
NS-14 is a proposed Nexus Standard; the artifacts it governs are identified by UNIs (Unique Nexus Identifier). NS-14 is the nexus of standards in practice. It specifies how an artifact or context states, evidences and displays its relation to external standards (from ISO, IEC, ITU, IETF, W3C, OGC, NIST, the UN system, regional and national standards bodies and sector regulators) without reproducing their text, overstating equivalence or using their marks as part of a Nexus name.
Summary
- Statusproposed
- Responsible scopetrust, authorization and assurance
- Identifier
NXS-STD-ST-000013 - Rules stated5
- Programme areas9
- Source filesrepository
Nexus Standards · proposed
Status of NS-14
Preparatory working draft, circulated for review and comment. Not for implementation. Prepared and circulated by The Secretariat of the Nexus Standards, Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada) (public@therisk.global), 17 October 2026. Technical review area: TR-01. This document is not a Nexus Standard; it may change without notice and is not to be implemented, relied upon or cited as a Nexus Standard. Its stage is designated only by the Global Standards Council and its technical committees under NS-13. Recipients are invited to submit comments with supporting reasons, and to notify any patent rights of which they are aware. See the notice of circulation.
Population, settlement and hazards in the Mediterranean
The map frames the Mediterranean as an example geography for the subject of NS-14; the frame gives context and is not a statement of where the standards apply. Shown at first: population density, 2020 (Gridded Population of the World v4.11, NASA SEDAC, CIESIN, Columbia University) and night-time lights, daily (VIIRS Black Marble, VNP46A2, NASA LAADS DAAC). The layer drawer adds flood water, 3-day composite (VIIRS Global Flood Product); active fires and thermal anomalies, last day (VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m, FIRMS); and true colour (VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; population density is GPW v4.11 by CIESIN, Columbia University, under CC BY 4.0; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 2
People and hazards
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Where people live, night-time lights and the floods and fires public institutions answer to, framed on the Mediterranean.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
- Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Optional layers (3 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
- Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
- Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
- True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
NS-14 among the standards.
Fig.The standards on which NS-14 builds, those that cite it and the programme areas where it applies, from the texts and the registry.
The standard as a process
An external standard enters the register with its body, version, link and relation; crosswalk rows cite external clauses by number; a claim of relation exists only through a clause set that cites the standard and is evaluated; the claim is displayed with its attestation results, names and marks stay with their stewards, and no claim of compliance or certification is made except by quoting an authority decision. 7 operations in 5 phases; each states its actor, its decision rule, the record it leaves and the rule identifiers it implements (7 rules of NS-14 and the standards it applies). Records and artifacts are cited by UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) and version.
All operations in order (7)
- 01
Register entry start · Register
A superseded external version is kept with its successor noted.
- Who
- the editors
- Decision rule
- unverified entries are displayed as unverified; entries are append-only
- Record
- body, version, URL, domain, access, relation and verified flag
- Implements
- NS14-R5
- 02
Relation decision · Relation
Each relation has its own evidence: a link, a validator run, a crosswalk table, value validation, an extension clause or a gap statement.
- Who
- the working group
- Decision rule
- relation claims come from the register and clause sets, never from prose
- Record
- cite, profile, crosswalk, adopt, extend or gap
- Implements
- NS14-R2
- 03
Crosswalk rows step · Relation
Each row maps an external element to a Nexus clause or record field.
- Who
- the working group
- Decision rule
- no reproduction of external text; cite by identifier, clause number and URL
- Record
- rows citing the external clause by number and URL
- Implements
- NS14-R1
- 04
Clause set model · Clauses
Each clause carries derivedFrom with the external identifier and clause number.
- Who
- the policy author
- Decision rule
- a claim of relation exists only through a clause set that is evaluated
- Record
- a clause set (NS-10) whose clauses cite the external standard
- Implements
- NS14-R2, NS10-R4
- 05
Evaluate exercise · Evaluation
Current results are counted per clause set.
- Who
- an evaluator with a mandate
- Decision rule
- no conformance statement without an attestation
- Record
- attestations per clause with their instants
- Implements
- NS11-R1
- 06
Claim display record · Display
The claim states what was evaluated and when, never an equivalence.
- Who
- the publishing surface
- Decision rule
- compliant and certified appear only as quotations of an authority decision by reference
- Record
- 'implements clauses derived from <standard> (n of m current PASS)' with attestation UNIs
- Implements
- NS14-R3
- 07
Names and marks end · Display
Pages that list crosswalks carry the notice that names and standards belong to their stewards.
- Who
- the publishing surface
- Decision rule
- marks of standards bodies are never part of a Nexus name
- Record
- the body's name and identifier as a reference, with the stewards notice
- Implements
- NS14-R4
Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: NS-14: Conformance and crosswalk to external standards · NS-10: Policies and clauses · NS-11: Verification and monitoring.
NS-14 clause by clause
5 clauses and 5 rules as stated in the standard, presented with numbered clauses, stable rule anchors, versions and changes.
Relations
| Relation | Meaning | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
cite | The Nexus Standard refers to the external standard as context. | Identifier, version and URL in the register. |
profile | The Nexus Standard constrains or specialises an open external standard (for example STAC, DCAT, PROV-O, DataCite, CAP). | Conformance tests against the external standard's own validator where one exists. |
crosswalk | Elements of the external standard map to Nexus elements (clauses, record fields). | A crosswalk table in the register entry; each row cites the external clause by number, never by text. |
adopt | The Nexus Standards use the external standard as it is for a function (for example ISO 3166-1, SPDX, ORCID, ROR). | Validation of values against the external scheme. |
extend | A Nexus Standard adds machine-readable, real-time or provenance elements that the external standard lacks. | The extension is a Nexus clause or field; the external standard is cited as the baseline. |
gap | No external standard covers the concern; a Nexus Standard specifies it. | The gap statement in the landscape study. |
Conformance claims
A context (NS-9) or artifact claims a relation to an external standard only through a clause set (NS-10) that cites that standard and is evaluated (NS-11). The claim is displayed as "implements clauses derived from <standard> (n of m with a current PASS)", with attestation UNIs. It is never displayed as "compliant with" or "certified to" unless a decision of the body entitled to say so is referenced. Where a body operates its own certification, conformance under the Nexus Standards is explicitly not that certification.
Display and marks
External standards are named by their official identifiers, with the body's name as a reference. No Nexus name, subsite, product or page incorporates a body's mark into its own name (NS0-P10). Pages that list crosswalks carry the notice that the names and standards belong to their owners.
Register
registry/external-standards.yaml holds every external standard with its body, version, URL, domain, access model, relation and verified flag; an unverified entry is displayed as unverified. Entries are append-only; a superseded external version is kept, with its successor noted.
Rules
| Rule | Text |
|---|---|
| NS14-R1 | The text of an external standard shall not be reproduced; it shall be cited by identifier, clause number and URL. |
| NS14-R2 | Relation claims shall come from the register and from clause sets, not from prose. |
| NS14-R3 | "Compliant" and "certified" shall appear only as quotations of an authority decision cited by reference. |
| NS14-R4 | Marks of standards bodies shall not form part of a Nexus name. |
| NS14-R5 | Unverified register entries shall be displayed as unverified. |
Changes between versions
One published version is available (0.1.0); a comparison between versions is shown once a second version is published.
Clause numbers follow the sections of the document; rule identifiers (NS14-R1, NS14-R2, NS14-R3…) are stable anchors. With script enabled, each clause and rule has a permalink and a machine-readable view (YAML and JSON), and the j and k keys move between clauses.
Programme areas that list NS-14
9 programme areas list NS-14.
- Climate risk standardsTierNexus domainsStatusplanned
- Agriculture and land useTierSectors and industriesStatusplanned
- Finance, insurance and capital marketsTierSectors and industriesStatusplanned
- International organisations and multilateralsTierSectors and industriesStatusplanned
- Conformance and crosswalk to external standardsTierCross-cutting capabilitiesStatusplanned
- GCRI Canada evidence pathwayTierReadiness pathwaysStatusplanned
- Capital pathway, The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)TierReadiness pathwaysStatusplanned
- Conformance programmeTierReadiness pathwaysStatusplanned
- Verification servicesTierInfrastructure servicesStatusplanned
Recent research on NS-14
Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.
Search termsstandards crosswalk; crosswalk; standards mapping; framework mapping; ontology alignment; conformance testing; W3C Process Document; ISOcombined with: standards; framework; interoperability; risk; taxonomyDerived from the subject of the standard and its rules, and the external standards of its crosswalk domains.
- OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
- Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
- DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
- Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
- arXivlisted for reference; not queried
- Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
- OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried
No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.
NS-14 in the standards repository
The text, schemas, machine-readable files, registry rows, tests and history behind NS-14, on the main branch of the canonical repository. Text, registry, schemas and catalog are CC BY 4.0; tools and tests are Apache-2.0.
Source text
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
standards/NS-14-conformance-and-crosswalk.md | NXS-STD-ST-000013 | Raw · History · Suggest an edit |
standards/INDEX.md | status and document of every standard | History |
Machine-readable files
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
catalog/artifact-catalog.yaml | catalog records · 2 mentions | First mention, line 475 |
Registry rows
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
registry/subsites.yaml | Nexus Standards subsites - the systemic architecture of nexustandards.com · 9 rows or mentions | Line 42 |
registry/governance.yaml | Governance, legal structure, national adoption, open boundary and disclaimers of the Nexus Standards · 3 rows or mentions | Line 51 |
registry/dags.yaml | Process and pipeline graphs rendered by the site's DAG component (nxs-dag) · 2 rows or mentions | Line 220 |
registry/review-investigations.yaml | Circulation for technical review and comment, and the technical review areas · 2 rows or mentions | Line 48 |
registry/standard-packages.yaml | Standard packages - one package per external open standard on nexustandards.com · 2 rows or mentions | Line 57 |
registry/consumers.yaml | Register of implementations of the Nexus Standards · 1 row or mentions | Line 21 |
Tests and validators
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
tools/build-risk-standards.mjs | tool or validator | Line 91 |
tools/build-site-pages.mjs | tool or validator | Line 292 |
tools/site-open-standards.mjs | tool or validator | Line 317 |
tools/validate.mjs | tool or validator | Line 150 |
Change history
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Commits to the text | every change to the text | · |
CHANGELOG.md | notable changes, by version | · |
release/manifest.json | release manifest with file digests | in-toto statement |
| Releases | tagged releases of the repository | · |
Propose a change
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Open a proposal on NS-14 | issue form: target, kind, rationale (NS-13) | Template |
| Issue form: comment | issue form | Template |
| Issue form: errata | issue form | Template |
| Issues that mention NS-14 | open and closed | · |
| Pull request template | what a change must carry: target, kind, rationale, validation | · |
CONTRIBUTING.md | pull requests, sign-off and checks | · |
GOVERNANCE.md | how registry codes and texts change | · |
How NS-14 is developed, and how to take part
NS-14 is developed in the open under NS-13 (the stages and gates of NS-13). Working groups draft, councils decide the reserved matters, and anyone may propose a change, comment, submit an implementation report, object or appeal, without membership or fee.
- Who decides what: the decision-rights matrix.
- The process: stages, gates, review windows and appeals.
- Open gateways and calls: how to propose, comment, join a working group or request activation.
- Develop a standard: the development track and the lifecycle of each standard.
- NS-13 in the canonical repository.
Relation to external standards
NS-14 relates to external standards by identifier, clause number and URL (NS14-R1), and directs the reader to the issuing body.
Recent research and sources
Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.
Curated references
- Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems
American Economic Review · 2010 · Peer-reviewed - ODRL Information Model 2.2
W3C · 2018 · Standard - OSCAL: the Open Security Controls Assessment Language
NIST · 2024 · Official publication - Evaluating FAIR maturity through a scalable, automated, community-governed framework
Scientific Data · 2019 · Peer-reviewed - The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0
NIST · 2024 · Official publication - Bitstring Status List v1.0
W3C · 2025 · Standard - FAIR Principles: Interpretations and Implementation Considerations
Data Intelligence · 2020 · Peer-reviewed - Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations (SP 800-53 Rev. 5)
NIST · 2020 · Official publication
Related standards and frameworks
- ISO 37001:2025 Anti-bribery management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
ISO/TC 309 - W3C Process Document (2025)
World Wide Web Consortium - OGC Technical Committee Policies and Procedures
Open Geospatial Consortium - ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 (procedures) with Consolidated ISO Supplement, and Part 2 (drafting)
ISO and IEC - ISO 37000:2021 Governance of organizations - Guidance
ISO/TC 309 - ISO 31022:2020 Risk management - Guidelines for the management of legal risk
ISO/TC 262 - IEC 31010:2019 Risk management - Risk assessment techniques
IEC TC 56 with ISO/TC 262 (double logo) - ISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
ISO/TC 262
Search terms, derived from the subject of the standard and its rules: standards crosswalk; crosswalk; standards mapping; framework mapping; ontology alignment; conformance testing; combined with: standards; framework; interoperability; risk; taxonomy. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.
Risk Academy courses and disciplines
1 course and 2 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of NS-14. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.
Courses
Disciplines
The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.
Programmes, tracks and courses for this standard
GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) and Risk Academy work on the subject of NS-14 in distinct roles (research and evidence; capital, finance and markets; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.
Research and evidence
GCRI Canada
Research programmes that produce the observations, models and assessments these records describe.
Systemic Risk ManagementDevelops risk taxonomy across frameworks.Apply to this programme therisk.globalAll programmes of GCRI CanadaCapital, finance and markets
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)
Industry programmes in which financial institutions build a shared understanding of systemic risk.
Financial Regulation NexusCompares regulatory standards and supervisory frameworks.Join this programme globalriskalliance.comAll programmes of The Global Risks AllianceEducation and training
Risk Academy
Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.
Clausecraft and LicensingRAT-202 · Intermediate · 20 learning hoursLicences, attribution, data-sharing agreements and risk-transfer clauses for risk tools, at a methods levelTake this course All courses and disciplinesListed in the education and training section of this pageQuestions and answers.
What is the status of NS-14?
What does applying NS-14 establish?
How is a change to NS-14 proposed?
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The same subject across the Consortium.
- GCRI Canadatherisk.globalRegistry interoperabilityMethods, data and models
- GRAglobalriskalliance.comData engineering, interoperability and stewardship for financial crime and fraud riskExposure, loss and capital
- Risk Academyrisksacademy.comRisk information standards and interoperabilityWhere it is taught
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Take part in the standards.
Governments, regulators, standards bodies, industry, academia and communities are invited to shape the catalogue ahead of its first official release, targeted for 2030: comment on a draft, propose a change, join a working group or host a field exercise.
Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.
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