Nexus Standards · Climate and Earth Systems · Nexus domains
Area · listed in the registry (planned)
Climate change is a common driver that raises the frequency and intensity of many hazards at once and creates transition risks for economies and financial systems. This area of the Climate and Earth Systems programme sets records for physical and transition risk, scenario and model runs, attribution statements and their uncertainty so that disclosures, adaptation plans and research cite the same scenario sets and model versions and do not present a projection as an observation. Each artifact of the area carries a UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier).
NXS-STD-DC-000003Nexus Standards (2026). Climate risk standards: area brief, Climate and Earth Systems programme. Proposed. https://nexustandards.com/climate/climate-risk-standards/ · UNI NXS-STD-DC-000003. Last reviewed 17 October 2026.
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An area of the Climate and Earth Systems programme (nexus domains). The area profile sets out 5 matters in scope and 3 matters addressed by other areas.
In scope 5
Out of scope 3
Jurisdictions Application in each jurisdiction is a national decision, taken by the National Standards Council (NSC) with the competent national authorities.
The map frames Pacific Island states as an example geography for climate risk; the frame gives context and is not a statement of where the standards apply. Shown at first: land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite (VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE) and precipitation rate, daily mean (GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC). The layer drawer adds snow cover (VIIRS NOAA-20 NDSI); sea ice concentration (GHRSST MUR); sea surface temperature anomaly (GHRSST MUR25); and water storage anomaly, monthly (GRACE-FO JPL mascons). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map. Other sources of the profile, such as ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) and CMIP6 climate projections (Copernicus Climate Data Store), are listed for reference.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 2
Climate signals
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Surface heat, rain, snow, sea ice, marine heat and water storage, each a dated satellite or model product, framed on Pacific Island states.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.
Layers and dates
A shock such as extreme heat is observed through ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store); its effect on climate is recorded and propagated to Hydrometeorological hazard standards and Financial and economic risk standards through recorded couplings; cascade obligations are evaluated as clauses; indicators such as SDG 13.1.1 are computed from the records. 7 operations in 5 phases, built from the area profile: the cards carry its own data sources, indicators, open standards, couplings and, where listed, hazards, and each operation names the Nexus rules it implements (11). Records and artifacts are cited by UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) and version.
Shock observed start · Shock
Hazards and threats in scope: Extreme heat, Sea-level rise, Changes in heavy precipitation and drought, Tipping-point risks and Transition shocks.
System state record · System
In scope: Scenario records (SSP, RCP, NGFS) with version and downscaling method, Model run and ensemble records with variable, resolution and bias-correction metadata and Physical risk indicators (heat, flood, drought exposure) with uncertainty.
Impact model model · System
Uncertainty is shown where it exists.
Coupled system step · Coupling
Couplings of this area: Hydrometeorological hazard standards, Financial and economic risk standards, Compound and cascading hazard standards and Climate adaptation and transition risk.
Second system step · Coupling
Each step of the cascade cites the records it rests on.
Cascade clauses gate · Obligations
Nexus Standards of this area: NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-11, NS-14.
SDG 13.1.1 end · Indicators
Indicators of this area: SDG 13.1.1 (Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population), SDG 13.2.2 (Total greenhouse gas emissions per year) and Sendai Monitor C-1 (Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP).
Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: IPCC AR6 Working Group II risk framing (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, response) · NGFS climate scenarios · NS-0: Constitution and principles · NS-1: The UNI and the artifact catalog.
The systemic couplings recorded for this context, grouped by transmission mechanism. The bar summarises each mechanism (select one to filter); each entry names the connected area or programme and describes the mechanism.
The interactive view requires JavaScript; the sections below present the same records.
4 couplings link this area to other areas and programmes, each with the mechanism of the link. Select a card on the diagram to trace a coupling.
Fig.The area at the left; coupled areas in the same programme, coupled areas in other programmes and the programmes reached to the right.
A system model of this area built from the registry: 13 hazards, 5 systems, 4 sectors, 13 controls, 4 feeds, 3 indicators. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments. The Map view places the same run on an example geography, Pacific Island states, the region of the programme's context map, with open data: Natural Earth boundaries, an H3 hexagon grid and NASA satellite layers for the initiating hazard. The geography serves exercises and training and is not an assessment of that place.
Hazards
Systems and couplings
Controls
NS-0 Constitution and principlesNS-1 The UNI and the artifact catalog (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)NS-3 Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)NS-3b Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-14 Conformance and crosswalk to external standardsNRS-H65 Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H62 Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H71 Hazard family: Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes (NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H79 Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H75 Hazard family: Climate-sensitive illness (NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive)NRS-H7 Hazard family: Large-scale circulation anomalies (NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)Observation
Example geography
Hazards and threats 5
Sectors 4
6 open standards, each with its relation as recorded in the register under NS-14. Hover over or focus a relation for its definition.
adopt3
IPCC AR6 Working Group II risk framing (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, response)Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changelisted in the register · ipcc-ar6-wgii-risk-framingCF Metadata ConventionsCF Conventions communityproposed for the registerSpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC)STAC community; OGC Community Standardlisted in the register · stac4 data sources named in the area profile, each with provider, licence, update frequency and delivery path.
Data sources are listed for reference; live data is displayed once licence review is complete.
ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store)for reference
Copernicus Climate Change Service (ECMWF) · daily, five-day latency
CC BY 4.0
governed data servicelisted in the data register
INFORM Risk Indexfor reference
European Commission JRC · annual with mid-year update
CC BY 4.0 under the Commission reuse policy
governed data servicelisted in the data register
NGFS Scenario Explorerfor reference
NGFS via IIASA · per scenario phase
Scenario Explorer terms not recorded; licence under review
listed for referencelisted in the data register
CMIP6 climate projections (Copernicus Climate Data Store)for reference
Copernicus Climate Change Service; WCRP modelling centres · static releases
Per-model terms, mostly CC BY 4.0; to be recorded per model
listed for referenceproposed for the data register
The area profile names 3 indicators, each with its framework and code.
Indicator names and codes are given as published by their stewards.
The area profile lists 7 Nexus Standards; the registry lists NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-11, NS-14 for this area. Each is a proposed standard under development.
Status: proposed · 12 requirements stated. Read NS-0 · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 10 requirements stated. Read NS-1 · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 0 requirements stated. Read NS-3 · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 0 requirements stated. Read NS-3b · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 5 requirements stated. Read NS-9 · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 6 requirements stated. Read NS-11 · Requirements for this area
Status: proposed · 5 requirements stated. Read NS-14 · Requirements for this area
2 standards whose text is not openly available, named and linked only. Any compatibility profile is kept on protected pages until an arrangement with the issuing body is in place.
What each institution of the ecosystem draws from this area: GCRI Canada, as Secretariat, for evidence; The Global Risks Forum (GRF) for recognition; and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) for capital.
GCRI Canada may accept scenario and model records that name model versions, ensemble members and bias-correction methods as research evidence; the decision rests with GCRI Canada under its own evidence and research rules.
GRF may record institutions that disclose on the shared scenario records as part of a recognition dialogue; the decision rests with GRF under its own recognition rules.
GRA may read physical and transition-risk records with stated uncertainty when it assesses climate exposure of projects; the decision rests with GRA under its own capital-readiness rules.
Each institution determines under its own rules what it accepts as evidence; a pathway reading is neither an approval nor investment advice.
Combine standards and clauses into a draft profile with citations, in YAML or JSON; nothing is submitted.
In developmentVersion and source status for each standard, as published by the issuing bodies.
Available · from the registryTest suites, conformance statements and attestations for each standard, as recorded in the registry.
Each console computes from the registry and states its reasoning; decisions remain with the competent bodies.
A proposed charter for this area, open to institutions and experts.
Scenario, model-run and physical-risk records with explicit uncertainty and disclosure crosswalks.
Institutions and experts are invited to charter this working group under NS-13 by filing a public change record. National Working Groups (NWGs) contribute national inputs and field exercises through their National Nexus Consortium (NNC).
The area profile identifies 4 user communities.
3 questions identified as priorities for the working group.
This area is listed in the registry (status: planned; scope GRX; 4 crosswalk domains). It has five depth pages and a register crosswalk of its domains.
The rules of each listed standard, read through the specification reader.
Depth · CrosswalkEvery register entry in the area's domains, by relation, with the crosswalk graph.
Depth · Records and schemasScope, record, schema explorer and how a UNI resolves.
Depth · ConformanceClauses, evidence and attestations for conformance assessment.
Depth · ReadinessThe area alongside the three pathways, as a matrix.
7 Nexus Standards · 4 domains · 37 external standards · 29 issuing bodies · 0 implementing repositories. Relations (adopt, profile, crosswalk, cite) are as recorded in the register; names and standards remain with their stewards.
Crosswalk graph77 nodes and 102 links from the registry of external standards, programme areas and implementations (registry/external-standards.yaml, registry/consumers.yaml. Relations (adopt, profile, crosswalk, cite) are shown as recorded in the register.
Areas carry no geography of their own; the map shows where the bodies that issue the area's external standards are based.
| Body | Seat | Register entries |
|---|---|---|
| Open Geospatial Consortium | Arlington, Virginia, United States | 4 |
| GHG Protocol | Washington, District of Columbia, United States | 2 |
| International Sustainability Standards Board (IFRS Foundation) | Frankfurt, Germany | 2 |
| ISO/TC 207/SC 7 | Geneva, Switzerland | 2 |
| ISO/TC 211 | Geneva, Switzerland | 2 |
| OGC | Arlington, Virginia, United States | 2 |
| European Commission Joint Research Centre | Ispra, Italy | 1 |
| European Commission Joint Research Centre with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee | Ispra, Italy | 1 |
| European Commission on EFRAG technical advice | Brussels, Belgium | 1 |
| European Parliament and Council | Brussels, Belgium | 1 |
| FSB Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (disbanded October 2023) | Basel, Switzerland | 1 |
| IETF | Wilmington, Delaware, United States | 1 |
| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | Geneva, Switzerland | 1 |
| Network for Greening the Financial System | Paris, France | 1 |
| Science Based Targets initiative | London, United Kingdom | 1 |
| STAC community; OGC Community Standard 25-004 | Arlington, Virginia, United States | 1 |
| UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management | New York, New York, United States | 1 |
| UN Member States (Third UN World Conference on DRR); UNDRR custodian | Geneva, Switzerland | 1 |
| UNDRR | Geneva, Switzerland | 1 |
| UNDRR and International Science Council | Geneva, Switzerland | 1 |
| UNDRR, UNDP and WMO | New York, New York, United States | 1 |
| WMO (adopted by Congress 2019) | Geneva, Switzerland | 1 |
| World Resources Institute and WBCSD (GHG Protocol) | Washington, District of Columbia, United States | 1 |
Issuing bodies are shown at the city of their public seat. The 1 programmes, 0 implementing repositories and 19 Nexus Standards have no location and are not mapped · 6 issuing bodies have no single public seat and are listed without a location: UN Office for Outer Space Affairs; Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; IOC-UNESCO Global Ocean Observing System; Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery; UNFCCC; Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience in the Education Sector
Standards globe23 issuing bodies with a public seat and 37 register entries, shown on H3 cells at resolutions 1 to 4. Seats are placed at city coordinates; programme areas, implementations and standards have no location and are not drawn. A static plate carrée map is shown where scripts are unavailable.
| Area on institutional sites | Artifact kinds | Governing standards | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Climate and hazards (GCRI Canada field gateway; GRF and GRA counterparts) | data, dataset, report, map, documentation | NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-4, NS-5 | therisk.global/fields/climate/ |
| Heat | data, dataset, model, map, report | NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-5 | therisk.global/challenges/ |
| Sea-level rise and coastal hazards | data, dataset, model, map, report | NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-5 | therisk.global/challenges/ |
From the ecosystem coverage register: material that GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) publish on this area, as stated by each institution.
5 references from peer-reviewed and official publications cited in the area profile, linked at the publishers' own sites.
Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.
Search termsextreme heat; sea-level rise; changes in heavy precipitation and drought; tipping-point risks; transition shocks; NGFS climate scenarios; CF Metadata Conventionscombined with: risk; hazard; early warning; resilience; vulnerability; impact; exposureDerived from the title of the area and the hazards in its profile, the NHS-1 hazards it names and the open standards it lists.
No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.
3 courses and 4 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of this area. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.
The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.
GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Forum (GRF), The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) and Risk Academy work on the subject of this area in distinct roles (research and evidence; governance, policy and convening; capital, finance and markets; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.
Research and evidence
GCRI Canada
Research programmes that produce the observations, models and assessments these records describe.
Climate and HazardsProduces climate baselines, projections and compound-hazard evidence with stated confidence, the inputs climate risk records cite.Apply to this programme Space and Earth ObservationWorks on the satellite evidence used to monitor climate variables and their uncertainty.Apply to this programme therisk.globalAll programmes of GCRI CanadaGovernance, policy and convening
The Global Risks Forum (GRF)
Tracks that convene public authorities, researchers and institutions on the governance of shared risks.
Climate and Nature GovernanceConvenes climate governance researchers and agencies on climate risk governance and disclosure governance.Join this track globalriskforum.comAll tracks of The Global Risks ForumCapital, finance and markets
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)
Industry programmes in which financial institutions build a shared understanding of systemic risk.
Climate and Nature Financial RiskExamines physical and transition risk channels into financial institutions and the scenario analysis applied to them.Join this programme globalriskalliance.comAll programmes of The Global Risks AllianceEducation and training
Risk Academy
Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.
Scenario GrammarRAS-402 · Intermediate · 28.5 learning hoursForesight, drivers and scenario matrices for strategy and stress testing under uncertaintyTake this course Uncertainty and ConfidenceRAS-404 · Intermediate · 29.5 learning hoursCalibrated probability, confidence language and decisions under deep uncertaintyTake this course Finance NexusRAN-301 · Intermediate · 24 learning hoursHow money, risk transfer and climate-related financial risk connect to disaster outcomesTake this course All courses and disciplinesListed in the education and training section of this pagePeer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.
Search terms, derived from the title of the area and the hazards in its profile: extreme heat; sea-level rise; changes in heavy precipitation and drought; tipping-point risks; transition shocks; combined with: risk; hazard; early warning; resilience; vulnerability; impact; exposure. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.
Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
Institutions and experts are invited to propose amendments, join the working group or propose data sources. National participation is organised through each country's National Nexus Consortium (NNC) and its National Working Groups (NWGs); competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.
Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.
Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.