Nexus Standards · Foundations and Governance · Foundations

Area · proposed

Licensing and intellectual property

States the licence set and the reasons for it: CC BY 4.0 for documents, profiles, clauses and site content; Apache-2.0 for the CLI, validators, SDK snippets and conformance tests; CC0 1.0 for registry data, catalog records and crosswalk tables; OWFa 1.0 for contributions to a standard; and DCO 1.1 sign-off for tooling commits. Implementers require no agreement. The licences take effect on publication of the licence files. Each artifact of the area carries a UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier).

Applicable standardsReturn to Foundations and Governance
01Overview

Summary

Reading order22 sections
  1. 01ScopeScope and boundaries
  2. 02LicensingLicensing and intellectual property
  3. 03Standards architectureFoundation, referenced and implementing layers
  4. 04Nexus StandardsApplicable Nexus Standards
  5. 05System model and scenario simulatorSystem model and cascade scenario: Licensing and…
  6. 06Systemic couplingsSystemic couplings
  7. 07Working groupWorking group charter
UNI
requested · allocation in progress
Status
Proposednot yet listed in the registry
Last reviewed
area profile
Cite this page

Nexus Standards (2026). Licensing and intellectual property: area brief, Foundations and Governance programme. Proposed. https://nexustandards.com/foundations/licensing-and-ipr/. Last reviewed 17 October 2026.

Download the profile

Files include the credits and the licence statement and are generated in the browser; no data is transmitted. Downloads require JavaScript.

02Scope

Scope and boundaries

An area of the Foundations and Governance programme (foundations). The area profile sets out 5 matters in scope and 3 matters addressed by other areas.

In scope 5

  • The licence table by asset type and the reasons for each choice
  • OWFa 1.0 contributor and final specification agreements and their royalty-free patent commitments
  • DCO 1.1 sign-off for tooling contributions
  • Nominative use of external names, no logos, seals or badges, and the notice route for rights holders (14-day response window)
  • SPDX identifiers and REUSE-style licence declarations in every repository file

Out of scope 3

  • Legal advice to adopters or contributors
  • Licensing of data from third-party providers, which remains governed by each provider's terms and the data-source licence register
  • Registration or assertion of trademarks

Jurisdictions Application in each jurisdiction is a national decision, taken by the National Standards Council (NSC) with the competent national authorities.

03Earth observation

Population, settlement and hazards in the Sahel

The map frames the Sahel as an example geography for licensing and intellectual property; the frame gives context and is not a statement of where the standards apply. Shown at first: population density, 2020 (Gridded Population of the World v4.11, NASA SEDAC, CIESIN, Columbia University) and night-time lights, daily (VIIRS Black Marble, VNP46A2, NASA LAADS DAAC). The layer drawer adds flood water, 3-day composite (VIIRS Global Flood Product); active fires and thermal anomalies, last day (VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m, FIRMS); and true colour (VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; population density is GPW v4.11 by CIESIN, Columbia University, under CC BY 4.0; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map. Other sources of the profile, such as SPDX license-list-data (machine-readable licence identifiers) and Crossref REST API licence fields (licence URLs on cited works), are listed for reference.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

People and hazards

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Where people live, night-time lights and the floods and fires public institutions answer to, framed on the Sahel.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (3 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04Process

The process in operation

A contribution is made under the Developer Certificate of Origin with a royalty-free patent licence for essential claims; it enters through a proposal; the standards text, registries, schemas and data are published under CC BY 4.0 and reference code under Apache-2.0; external standards are cited by identifier and link; reuse carries attribution by UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier). 6 operations in 5 phases, built from the area profile: the cards carry its own data sources, indicators, open standards, couplings and, where listed, hazards, and each operation names the Nexus rules it implements (9).

Process · from contribution to reuse6 operations · 5 phases
Licensing and intellectual property: from contribution to reuseA contribution is made under the Developer Certificate of Origin with a royalty-free patent licence for essential claims; it enters through a proposal; the standards text, registries, schemas and data are published under CC BY 4.0 and reference code under Apache-2.0; external standards are cited by identifier and link; reuse carries attribution by UNI.
All operations in order (6)
  1. 01

    Contribute start · Contribution

    Implementations may be licensed as their authors choose.

    Who
    the contributor
    Decision rule
    contributions carry a royalty-free patent licence for essential claims
    Record
    a contribution signed off under the Developer Certificate of Origin
    Implements
    NS13-R2
  2. 02

    Proposal gate · Proposal

    The proposal names the files and the licence of each.

    Who
    the editors
    Decision rule
    every change enters through a proposal
    Record
    a proposal with a UNI
    Implements
    NS13-R1
  3. 03

    Text and data record · Publication

    The licence is part of the artifact record.

    Who
    the publisher of record
    Decision rule
    licences are recorded with each artifact
    Record
    standards text, registries, schemas and data under CC BY 4.0
    Implements
    NS0-P1, NS1-R4
  4. 04

    Reference code record · Publication

    Each source file carries its UNI and SPDX identifier.

    Who
    the publisher of record
    Decision rule
    licences are recorded with each artifact
    Record
    reference code under Apache-2.0
    Implements
    NS0-P1, NS12-R1
  5. 05

    Cite externals step · External standards

    Open references of this area: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International legal code, Apache License, Version 2.0 and CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.

    Who
    the editors
    Decision rule
    no reproduction of external text; marks never compose a Nexus name
    Record
    external standards cited by identifier, clause number and link
    Implements
    NS14-R1, NS14-R4
  6. 06

    Reuse end · Reuse

    Derived works cite their sources' UNIs.

    Who
    any reuser
    Decision rule
    attribution follows the record
    Record
    a derived work citing the UNI and crediting the publisher of record
    Implements
    NS2-R3, NS2-R4

Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International legal code · Apache License, Version 2.0 · NS-1: The UNI and the artifact catalog · NS-10: Policies and clauses.

05Licensing

Licensing and intellectual property

Rationale

Licences by asset

AssetLicenceRationale
Standards text, profiles, clauses, site contentCC BY 4.0the licence most widely used by open specification bodies for text; reuse with attribution
Registries, catalogue records, crosswalk tables, schemas and dataCC BY 4.0reuse with attribution, so that the source and version of each record remain traceable
Reference code: command-line tools, validators, code examples, build scripts, conformance testsApache-2.0a permissive licence with an express patent grant that protects implementers
ContributionsDeveloper Certificate of Origin and royalty-free patent commitmentan auditable sign-off on each contribution, with a commitment to license any essential patent claims royalty-free
Names and marksnot licensedthe names of the Nexus Standards and of their publisher identify them; no right to use them as marks is granted

Attribution

Attribution on pages and exports

Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.

The same line appears in the footer of each page and in the credit of each PNG, SVG, CSV, JSON and GeoJSON export. Libraries used on these pages, each under its own licence: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1 (BSD-3-Clause), globe.gl 2.34.4 (MIT), 3d-force-graph 1.73.3 (MIT), three.js 0.185.1 (MIT, bundled in globe.gl and 3d-force-graph), d3 7.9.0 (ISC), topojson-client 3.1.0 (ISC), world-atlas 2.0.2 (ISC) and h3-js (Apache-2.0); typeface IBM Plex (SIL Open Font License 1.1) where the publishing platform serves it. Map data: Natural Earth (public domain); imagery from NASA GIBS, ASTER GDEM (METI and NASA), Blue Marble (NASA) and GPW v4.11 (CIESIN, NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0); reference labels © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).

Copyright holders, licence texts and the attribution each provider requires are given in the Third-party notices.

Marks

Nominative use of names

  • Names of standards bodies are used to identify their documents; no emblem or mark of any body is shown, and no body's mark forms part of a Nexus name (NS0-P10, NS14-R4).
  • Statements of regulatory status appear only as a reference to the decision of the competent authority (NS14-R3).
  • Candidate Nexus marks are not used in public copy while the name architecture standard is at an early stage.

External standards

External standards by access model

253 external standards are named on this site.

AccessEntries
paywalled72
open175
free-to-read3
unknown3

Paywalled standards are named and linked only. A compatibility profile of a paywalled standard is built on simulated data and kept on protected pages until an institutional arrangement with the issuing body is recorded.

Notices

Rights notices

Trademark, copyright, attribution and takedown notices may be sent to the GCRI Canada Secretariat at contact@therisk.global; the response time is fourteen days. The same route is given on the governance and contact pages.

06Standards architecture

Foundation, referenced and implementing layers

The standards architecture of this context, from the foundation standards to the open standards referenced (grouped by type of relation) and the services and data sources that build on them.

The interactive view requires JavaScript; the sections below present the same records.

07Nexus Standards

Applicable Nexus Standards

The area profile lists 2 Nexus Standards. Each is a proposed standard under development.

  1. 01

    NS-1 · The UNI and the artifact catalog (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)

    Status: proposed · 10 requirements stated. Read NS-1

  2. 02

    NS-10 · Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)

    Status: proposed · 7 requirements stated. Read NS-10

08System model and scenario simulator

System model and cascade scenario: Licensing and intellectual property

A system model of this area built from the registry: 5 systems, 4 sectors, 8 controls, 2 feeds, 1 indicator. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments.

Controls

  • NS-1 The UNI and the artifact catalog (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)
  • NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
  • NRS-A5 Built-in licensing and rights
  • NRS-S18 System profile: NXS-RLS (Participants, agreements and handoffs)
  • NRS-C4 Risk data model, identifiers and exchange
  • NRS-H62 Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)
  • NRS-A4 Zero-trust verification of standards and conformance
  • NRS-C10 Risk clauses and controls library

Observation

  • SPDX license-list-data (machine-readable licence identifiers) (listed for reference)
  • Crossref REST API licence fields (licence URLs on cited works) (listed for reference)
  • Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information
09Systemic couplings

Systemic couplings

4 couplings link this area to other areas and programmes, each with the mechanism of the link. Select a card on the diagram to trace a coupling.

Diagram · the area and its couplingsProcess diagram
Licensing and intellectual property: systemic couplingsSystemic couplings of Licensing and intellectual property as stated in the area profile: 4 areas in Foundations and Governance, 0 areas in other programmes and 0 programmes reached. Each coupling states the mechanism that links the two areas.

Fig.The area at the left; coupled areas in the same programme, coupled areas in other programmes and the programmes reached to the right.

  1. How a standard is madeFoundations and GovernanceThe OWFa 1.0 contributor agreement is signed on joining a working group and the final specification agreement is a gate for the Candidate stage, so IPR clearance proceeds with the standards track.
  2. Compatibility profiles for closed standardsFoundations and GovernanceClosed standards are copyrighted works; the licence rules prohibit reproduction of their text, and their profiles are therefore exercised only on synthetic example data on access-controlled pages.
  3. The UNI and the artifact catalogFoundations and GovernanceCC0 for catalog metadata lets DataCite, Schema.org and STAC exports of UNI records be harvested freely while the artifacts keep their own licences.
  4. Conformance programmeFoundations and GovernanceApache-2.0 for test suites gives implementers a patent grant, so running the tests that back a self-declaration carries no patent risk from contributors.
10Working group

Working group charter

A proposed charter for this area, open to institutions and experts.

Scope

Maintain the licence table, the OWFa and DCO procedures and the rights-holder notice route, with legal review recorded when completed.

Institutions and experts are invited to charter this working group under NS-13 by filing a public change record. National Working Groups (NWGs) contribute national inputs and field exercises through their National Nexus Consortium (NNC).

Deliverables · 3
  1. LICENSE, LICENSE-TOOLING and CC0 statement texts for the canonical repository
  2. OWFa 1.0 contributor and final specification agreement procedure
  3. Nominative-use and attribution guide for external names
Liaison targets · 3
  • Open Web Foundation (consultation on OWFa use sought) liaison sought
  • Creative Commons (information exchange on licence use in standards sought) liaison sought
  • SPDX project (information exchange on licence identifiers sought) liaison sought
11Open standards

Open standards referenced

6 open standards, each with its relation as recorded in the register under NS-14. Hover over or focus a relation for its definition.

adopt6

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International legal codeCreative Commonslisted in the register · creative-commons-by-4-0Apache License, Version 2.0Apache Software Foundationproposed for the registerCC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain DedicationCreative Commonsproposed for the registerOpen Web Foundation Agreement 1.0 (OWFa 1.0)Open Web Foundationproposed for the registerDeveloper Certificate of Origin 1.1Linux Foundation (developercertificate.org)proposed for the registerSPDX License ListSPDX (Linux Foundation)listed in the register · spdx-license-list
12Consoles

Routing, monitoring and verification tools

Available · from the registry

Verification console

Test suites, conformance statements and attestations for each standard, as recorded in the registry.

Available · draft in the browser

Profile composer

Combine standards and clauses into a draft profile with citations, in YAML or JSON; nothing is submitted.

Each console computes from the registry and states its reasoning; decisions remain with the competent bodies.

13Research questions

Open research questions

3 questions identified as priorities for the working group.

  1. How CC BY 4.0 attribution scales when a profile combines dozens of contributors' text and is then translated by chapters.
  2. Whether OWFa patent commitments reach contributors' affiliates in jurisdictions where agreement enforceability differs.
  3. How to handle a contribution that unknowingly paraphrases a paywalled standard and must be removed after publication.
14Readiness

Evidence, recognition and capital pathways

What each institution of the ecosystem draws from this area: GCRI Canada, as Secretariat, for evidence; The Global Risks Forum (GRF) for recognition; and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) for capital.

Evidence pathway

GCRI Canada

GCRI Canada, as rights holder of record, applies the licence set; whether licensed material is admissible as evidence is decided separately under its own rules.

Read the evidence pathway

Recognition pathway

The Global Risks Forum (GRF)

The Global Risks Forum (GRF) decides under its own rules how it reuses CC BY material in its programmes and attributes it; the licence implies no GRF role.

Read the recognition pathway

Capital pathway

The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)

The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) decides capital readiness under its own criteria; clear licences only remove a reuse obstacle for its reviewers.

Read the capital pathway

Each institution determines under its own rules what it accepts as evidence; a pathway reading is neither an approval nor investment advice.

15Audiences

Intended users

The area profile identifies 4 user communities.

  1. legal reviewers
  2. contributors
  3. implementers and vendors
  4. repository maintainers
16Restricted standards

Restricted compatibility profiles

Standards whose text is not openly available are named and linked only. Any compatibility profile is kept on protected pages until an arrangement with the issuing body is in place.

The working group may identify restricted standards relevant to this area; they are listed here by name and link.

17Data sources

Data sources

2 data sources named in the area profile, each with provider, licence, update frequency and delivery path.

Data sources

Data sources are listed for reference; live data is displayed once licence review is complete.

Live
0
on completion of licence review
Listed in the data register
0
licence terms recorded
Proposed for the register
2
licence terms to be recorded
Delivery
0 governed service · 0 plugin · 1 browser · 1 snapshot · 0 listed for reference
proposed paths in order of preference: governed data service, plugin, direct browser read, build-time snapshot; sources whose terms do not permit reuse are listed for reference only
18Indicators

Indicators

The area profile names 1 indicator, each with its framework and code.

SDG global indicator framework16.10.2Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information

Indicator names and codes are given as published by their stewards.

19Hazards and sectors

Hazards, threats and sectors concerned

Hazards and threats 0

This area draws on the hazards of the areas it is coupled with.

Sectors 0

This area serves all sectors through the areas it is coupled with.

20Sources

Sources

4 references from peer-reviewed and official publications cited in the area profile, linked at the publishers' own sites.

  1. peer-reviewedCoase's Penguin, or, Linux and The Nature of the FirmYale Law Journal · 2002
  2. officialW3C Patent PolicyW3C · 2025
  3. officialMaking the rules: the governance of standard development organisations and their policies on intellectual property rightsEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre · 2019
  4. standardRFC 5378: Rights Contributors Provide to the IETF Trust (BCP 78)IETF / RFC Editor · 2008
21Research hub

Recent research on this area

Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.

Search termsopen licensing; Creative Commons; open source licence; intellectual property; Apache License,; Open Web Foundation Agreementcombined with: standards; data; software; open scienceDerived from the title and scope of the area, the NHS-1 hazards it names and the open standards it lists.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

22Education and training

Risk Academy courses and disciplines

1 course and 2 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of this area. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.

Courses

Course RAT-202 · Governance and policyClausecraft and LicensingLicences, attribution, data-sharing agreements and risk-transfer clauses for risk tools, at a methods levelIntermediate · Technical stream · 20 learning hoursTake this course · risksacademy.com

Disciplines

Discipline · Governance and policyContracts, intellectual property and licensingGovernance and Policy faculty: intellectual property in open standardsrisksacademy.comDiscipline · Risk scienceRisk data governance, provenance and licensingrisksacademy.com

The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.

23Across the network

Programmes, tracks and courses for this area

GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Forum (GRF), The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) and Risk Academy work on the subject of this area in distinct roles (research and evidence; governance, policy and convening; capital, finance and markets; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.

Research and evidence

GCRI Canada

Research programmes that produce the observations, models and assessments these records describe.

Data and ComputeWorks on data rights and trust in shared infrastructure, the questions an open licence set answers.Apply to this programme Nexus RegistryRecords rights and disclosure conditions for each publication, the practice behind a licence status per artifact.Apply to this programme therisk.globalAll programmes of GCRI Canada

Governance, policy and convening

The Global Risks Forum (GRF)

Tracks that convene public authorities, researchers and institutions on the governance of shared risks.

AI and Digital GovernanceExamines data governance and sharing arrangements, including the terms under which public data is reused.Join this track globalriskforum.comAll tracks of The Global Risks Forum

Capital, finance and markets

The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)

Industry programmes in which financial institutions build a shared understanding of systemic risk.

Financial Regulation NexusCompares regulatory and supervisory frameworks, the context in which supervised institutions read voluntary standards.Join this programme globalriskalliance.comAll programmes of The Global Risks Alliance

Education and training

Risk Academy

Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.

Clausecraft and LicensingRAT-202 · Intermediate · 20 learning hoursLicences, attribution, data-sharing agreements and risk-transfer clauses for risk tools, at a methods levelTake this course All courses and disciplinesListed in the education and training section of this page
24Key terms

Key terms

UNI
Unique Nexus Identifier: a persistent identifier that resolves an artifact to its record.
proposed
A draft in the open development process that the Global Standards Council has not yet adopted. Each area profile is a proposal to the Nexus Standards registry.
adopt
Relation in which the external standard is used as published and values are validated against it.
change record
A public record of a proposed change under NS-13, decided by the editors with written reasons.
attestation
An evaluator's recorded result for one clause and one subject under NS-11.
liaison sought
A liaison the working group intends to request from the issuing body; a liaison is established only when the body confirms it in writing.
26Research

Recent research and sources

Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.

Curated references

Related standards and frameworks

Search terms, derived from the title and scope of the area: open licensing; Creative Commons; open source licence; intellectual property; combined with: standards; data; software; open science. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.

27Questions

Questions and answers.

What is the status of the Licensing and intellectual property area?
The area profile is a proposal to the Nexus Standards registry; the area is not yet listed in the registry. Standards are adopted by the Global Standards Council after last call; in each country, adoption is a decision of its National Standards Council (NSC).
How are data sources presented?
Each data source is listed with its provider, licence, update frequency and delivery path, and links to the provider's own publication.
How can this brief be amended?
Through a public change record under NS-13: a proposed amendment to the area profile or the registry, decided by the editors with written reasons.
NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-STD

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Nexus Standards

Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.

Across the Consortium

The Consortium.

Nexus Standards

Contribute to Licensing and intellectual property

Institutions and experts are invited to propose amendments, join the working group or propose data sources. National participation is organised through each country's National Nexus Consortium (NNC) and its National Working Groups (NWGs); competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.

Propose a change All areas of Foundations and Governance

Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.

Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.

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