Nexus Standards · NS-13 · Proposed
NS-13
NS-13: Standards development process (open proposals, review, versioning, adoption)
NS-13 is a proposed Nexus Standard; the artifacts it governs are identified by UNIs (Unique Nexus Identifier). NS-13 makes the development of the standards open, recorded and owned by the communities that use them. It follows the openness principles practised by the internet and web standards communities (open participation, due process, consensus, transparency, balance and availability) and adds three properties: every step is an identified artifact, the standard is data, and conformance is observed.
Summary
- Statusproposed
- Responsible scopetrust, authorization and assurance
- Identifier
NXS-STD-ST-000008 - Rules stated5
- Programme areas3
- Source filesrepository
Nexus Standards · proposed
Status of NS-13
Preparatory working draft, circulated for review and comment. Not for implementation. Prepared and circulated by The Secretariat of the Nexus Standards, Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada) (public@therisk.global), 17 October 2026. Technical review area: TR-01. This document is not a Nexus Standard; it may change without notice and is not to be implemented, relied upon or cited as a Nexus Standard. Its stage is designated only by the Global Standards Council and its technical committees under NS-13. Recipients are invited to submit comments with supporting reasons, and to notify any patent rights of which they are aware. See the notice of circulation.
Population, settlement and hazards in Africa
The map frames Africa as an example geography for the subject of NS-13; the frame gives context and is not a statement of where the standards apply. Shown at first: population density, 2020 (Gridded Population of the World v4.11, NASA SEDAC, CIESIN, Columbia University) and night-time lights, daily (VIIRS Black Marble, VNP46A2, NASA LAADS DAAC). The layer drawer adds flood water, 3-day composite (VIIRS Global Flood Product); active fires and thermal anomalies, last day (VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m, FIRMS); and true colour (VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; population density is GPW v4.11 by CIESIN, Columbia University, under CC BY 4.0; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 2
People and hazards
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Where people live, night-time lights and the floods and fires public institutions answer to, framed on Africa.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
- Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Optional layers (3 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
- Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
- Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
- True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
NS-13 among the standards.
Fig.The standards on which NS-13 builds, those that cite it and the programme areas where it applies, from the texts and the registry.
The standard as a process
A proposal with a UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) names its target and the stakeholder groups affected; comments are collected in the open and each receives a disposition; a last call is announced to every group listed; the editors decide with written reasons and record the new version; adoption is a decision of the Global Standards Council (GSC), and adoption in a country is a decision of its National Standards Council (NSC). 8 operations in 5 phases; each states its actor, its decision rule, the record it leaves and the rule identifiers it implements (5 rules of NS-13 and the standards it applies).
All operations in order (8)
- 01
File a proposal start · Proposal
Participation needs no membership fee; decisions are made by the recorded process.
- Who
- any person or organisation, identified by ORCID or ROR, or an agent under a mandate
- Decision rule
- every change to a standard, registry, clause or policy enters through a proposal with a UNI
- Record
- a proposal (nexus-proposal) with target, rationale, changes and stakeholder groups
- Implements
- NS13-R1, NS13-R2
- 02
Open review step · Review
Comments are collected in the open record of the proposal.
- Who
- any participant, with identity recorded
- Decision rule
- participation is open and free; identity is recorded
- Record
- comments in the open
- Implements
- NS13-R2
- 03
Dispositions record · Review
Nothing is decided in private channels.
- Who
- the editors
- Decision rule
- decisions are reasoned in writing
- Record
- a disposition per comment (accepted, rejected, deferred, open) with a reason
- Implements
- NS13-R2
- 04
Last call gate · Last call
The period is thirty days by default, fourteen for errata and ninety for a new standard.
- Who
- the editors
- Decision rule
- announced to every stakeholder group listed; objections are dispositioned before acceptance
- Record
- the announcement and lastCallEndsAt
- Implements
- NS13-R3
- 05
Editors decide decision · Editors
The decision and its reasons are recorded with the proposal.
- Who
- the editors
- Decision rule
- editors maintain the text and run the process; they do not adopt
- Record
- accepted, rejected or withdrawn, with reasons
- Implements
- NS13-R4
- 06
New version record · Editors
A major change needs a crosswalk and a migration note.
- Who
- the editors
- Decision rule
- versions are semantic; registries append-only; existing UNIs are never invalidated
- Record
- a semantic version; registries appended
- Implements
- NS13-R5
- 07
GSC adoption decision · Adoption
Adoption follows the Charter and is recorded as a reference.
- Who
- the Global Standards Council (GSC)
- Decision rule
- authority decisions are recorded references
- Record
- the decision reference that changes the standard's status
- Implements
- NS13-R4
- 08
National adoption end · Adoption
The NSC decides for its jurisdiction, engaging competent national authorities through its public-authority liaison; the GSC has no veto over a national decision.
- Who
- the National Standards Council (NSC) of each National Nexus Consortium
- Decision rule
- national adoption is a national decision; national law and language prevail
- Record
- a national decision: adopt, adapt or reference, with the national application profile
- Implements
- NS13-R4
Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: NS-13: Standards development process.
NS-13 clause by clause
6 clauses and 5 rules as stated in the standard, presented with numbered clauses, stable rule anchors, versions and changes.
Who may participate, and where
Anyone may participate: governments, international organisations, academia, industry, civil society, communities, investors, implementers and other standards bodies, as individuals (identified by ORCID iD) or organisations (identified by ROR ID), and agents acting under a recorded mandate and marked as agents. Participation requires no membership fee. Decisions are made by the recorded process, never according to who pays.
Participation takes place through public gateways: this public repository (proposals, issues and reviews), the institutional sites, the channels of the Secretariat and the sessions of the bodies (the Global Standards Council, its technical committees and working groups), as described in governance/PARTICIPATION_AND_CADENCE.md. No gateway requires a proprietary product, account or mark.
The proposal lifecycle
| Status | Meaning | Record |
|---|---|---|
| OPEN | A proposal is filed as an artifact with a UNI (nexus-proposal.v1.json), naming the target standard, section or registry path, the rationale, the changes (with a pull request or patch) and the stakeholder groups affected. | proposal record |
| IN_REVIEW | Comments are collected in the open; each comment receives a disposition (accepted, rejected, deferred, open) with a reason. | comments |
| LAST_CALL | A fixed period (by default 30 days; 14 days for errata; 90 days for a new standard) is announced to all stakeholder groups; objections are answered in writing. | lastCallEndsAt |
| ACCEPTED / REJECTED / WITHDRAWN | The editors' decision, with reasons, is recorded. | decision |
| ADOPTED | The decision of the Global Standards Council that changes the standard's status (the status ladder in GOVERNANCE.md) is recorded by reference. | decisionRef |
Every proposal, comment, decision and resulting version is itself an artifact (NS-1) and is cited (NS-2); no decision is taken in private channels.
Editors and authority
The Secretariat and the editors maintain the text and the registries and run the process; they do not adopt. Adoption of a Nexus Standard is a decision of the Global Standards Council under the Charter (governance/CHARTER.md), recorded by reference; adoption in a country is a decision of its National Standards Council (governance/NATIONAL_ADOPTION_AND_SOVEREIGNTY.md). An implementation that records adoption decisions verifies the mandate of the deciding body before it records the decision. Editors recuse themselves from proposals they raised. The editors' roster, their mandates and their recusals are records.
Versioning
Standards use semantic versions. A patch changes explanation only. A minor change is additive and backward compatible (new codes, optional fields, new clauses marked informative or recommended). A major change alters a grammar, a required field or a blocking clause and requires a crosswalk and a migration note. Implementations state the versions they conform to (NS-0 section 6). Registries are append-only (GOVERNANCE.md).
Licensing of the standards
The text, registries, schemas and data are published under CC BY 4.0 and the reference code under Apache-2.0, effective on public release (LICENSING.md). Contributions are made under the Developer Certificate of Origin, with a royalty-free patent licence for essential claims (governance/OPEN_BOUNDARY_IPR_AND_LICENSING.md). Implementations may be licensed as their authors choose, open or proprietary; no standard requires a particular licence of an implementation. Taking part grants or receives no licence to another body's standard.
Rules
| Rule | Text |
|---|---|
| NS13-R1 | Every change to a standard, registry, clause or policy shall enter through a proposal with a UNI. |
| NS13-R2 | Participation shall be open and free of charge; identity shall be recorded (ORCID iD, ROR ID or an agent mandate); decisions shall be reasoned in writing. |
| NS13-R3 | Last call shall be announced to every stakeholder group listed on the proposal; objections shall be dispositioned before acceptance. |
| NS13-R4 | Editors shall not adopt; authority decisions shall be recorded by reference. |
| NS13-R5 | Versions shall be semantic; registries shall be append-only; existing UNIs shall not be invalidated. |
Changes between versions
One published version is available (0.1.0); a comparison between versions is shown once a second version is published.
Clause numbers follow the sections of the document; rule identifiers (NS13-R1, NS13-R2, NS13-R3…) are stable anchors. With script enabled, each clause and rule has a permalink and a machine-readable view (YAML and JSON), and the j and k keys move between clauses.
Programme areas that list NS-13
3 programme areas list NS-13.
Recent research on NS-13
Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.
Search termsstandards development; standardization process; standard setting; open standards; consensus standards; W3C Process Document; UK Government Open Standards Principlescombined with: governance; participation; process; stakeholders; standardsDerived from the subject of the standard and its rules, and the external standards of its crosswalk domains.
- OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
- Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
- DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
- Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
- arXivlisted for reference; not queried
- Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
- OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried
No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.
NS-13 in the standards repository
The text, schemas, machine-readable files, registry rows, tests and history behind NS-13, on the main branch of the canonical repository. Text, registry, schemas and catalog are CC BY 4.0; tools and tests are Apache-2.0.
Source text
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
standards/NS-13-standards-development-process.md | NXS-STD-ST-000008 | Raw · History · Suggest an edit |
standards/INDEX.md | status and document of every standard | History |
Schemas
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
schemas/nexus-proposal.v1.json | Nexus standards proposal (NS-13) | Raw |
Machine-readable files
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
catalog/artifact-catalog.yaml | catalog records · 5 mentions | First mention, line 355 |
Registry rows
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
registry/external-standards.yaml | External standards landscape that the Nexus Standards cite, crosswalk, profile, adopt or extend · 102 rows or mentions | Line 1728 |
registry/ecosystem-coverage.yaml | Nexus ecosystem coverage register (programme B corpus read) · 31 rows or mentions | Line 850 |
registry/industries.yaml | Industries, industry groups and proposed sector codes · 14 rows or mentions | Line 26 |
registry/harmonisation.yaml | 'Nexus harmonisation register: one authority per concept, every sibling list mapped to it' · 13 rows or mentions | Line 10 |
registry/participation.yaml | 'Participation in the Nexus Standards: start-up, cadence, working groups, expert communities and gateways' · 4 rows or mentions | Line 87 |
registry/domains.yaml | Nexus domains (NS-9 context.domains, NS-10 subject selectors) · 3 rows or mentions | Line 7 |
registry/review-investigations.yaml | Circulation for technical review and comment, and the technical review areas · 3 rows or mentions | Line 22 |
registry/subsites.yaml | Nexus Standards subsites - the systemic architecture of nexustandards.com · 3 rows or mentions | Line 68 |
registry/dags.yaml | Process and pipeline graphs rendered by the site's DAG component (nxs-dag) · 2 rows or mentions | Line 13 |
registry/governance.yaml | Governance, legal structure, national adoption, open boundary and disclaimers of the Nexus Standards · 2 rows or mentions | Line 41 |
registry/nexus-standards.yaml | Nexus Standards NS-1 - the UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) and artifact catalog · 2 rows or mentions | Line 52 |
registry/roadmap.yaml | Roadmap of the Nexus Standards to the first official release (target 2030) · 2 rows or mentions | Line 13 |
registry/consumers.yaml | Register of implementations of the Nexus Standards · 1 row or mentions | Line 15 |
registry/sectors.yaml | Sectors and industries (NS-9 context.sectors, NS-10 subject selectors) · 1 row or mentions | Line 7 |
Tests and validators
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
tools/build-investigations.mjs | tool or validator | Line 54 |
tools/build-risk-standards.mjs | tool or validator | Line 97 |
tools/build-site-pages.mjs | tool or validator | Line 292 |
tools/site-open-standards.mjs | tool or validator | Line 278 |
tools/validate.mjs | tool or validator | Line 150 |
Change history
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Commits to the text | every change to the text | · |
CHANGELOG.md | notable changes, by version | · |
release/manifest.json | release manifest with file digests | in-toto statement |
| Releases | tagged releases of the repository | · |
proposals/NXS-STD-PC-000010.json | First work programme of the Nexus Standards: drafting rules and requirement register, maintenance procedure, information-hazard policy, NHS-2 model specification, new core standards NRS-C17 to NRS-C24, workstream terms of reference, accessibility and language policy, and the conformity assessment scheme | History |
Propose a change
| File | What it holds | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Open a proposal on NS-13 | issue form: target, kind, rationale (NS-13) | Template |
| Issue form: comment | issue form | Template |
| Issue form: errata | issue form | Template |
| Issues that mention NS-13 | open and closed | · |
| Pull request template | what a change must carry: target, kind, rationale, validation | · |
CONTRIBUTING.md | pull requests, sign-off and checks | · |
GOVERNANCE.md | how registry codes and texts change | · |
How NS-13 is developed, and how to take part
NS-13 is developed in the open under NS-13 (the stages and gates of NS-13). Working groups draft, councils decide the reserved matters, and anyone may propose a change, comment, submit an implementation report, object or appeal, without membership or fee.
- Who decides what: the decision-rights matrix.
- The process: stages, gates, review windows and appeals.
- Open gateways and calls: how to propose, comment, join a working group or request activation.
- Develop a standard: the development track and the lifecycle of each standard.
- NS-13 in the canonical repository.
Relation to external standards
NS-13 relates to external standards by identifier, clause number and URL (NS14-R1), and directs the reader to the issuing body.
Recent research and sources
Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.
Curated references
- Standard Setting Committees: Consensus Governance for Shared Technology Platforms
American Economic Review · 2012 · Peer-reviewed - RFC 6852 Affirmation of the Modern Paradigm for Standards
IETF · 2013 · Standard - W3C Process Document
W3C · 2025 · Official publication - Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual Framework
European Law Journal · 2007 · Peer-reviewed - How to time-stamp a digital document
Journal of Cryptology · 1991 · Peer-reviewed - Closing the AI accountability gap
ACM FAT* 2020 · 2020 · Peer-reviewed - The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Persons with Disabilities
International Journal of Disaster Risk Science · 2015 · Peer-reviewed - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2
W3C · 2023 · Standard
Related standards and frameworks
- W3C Process Document (2025)
World Wide Web Consortium - OGC Technical Committee Policies and Procedures
Open Geospatial Consortium - ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 (procedures) with Consolidated ISO Supplement, and Part 2 (drafting)
ISO and IEC - RFC 6852 Affirmation of the Modern Paradigm for Standards (OpenStand principles)
IAB, IEEE-SA, IETF, Internet Society, W3C - Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 on European standardisation
European Parliament and Council - OASIS Technical Committee Process and IPR Policy
OASIS Open - RFC 2026 The Internet Standards Process - Revision 3 (BCP 9)
IETF - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2
W3C
Search terms, derived from the subject of the standard and its rules: standards development; standardization process; standard setting; open standards; consensus standards; combined with: governance; participation; process; stakeholders; standards. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.
Risk Academy courses and disciplines
2 courses and 3 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of NS-13. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.
Courses
Disciplines
The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.
Programmes, tracks and courses for this standard
The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and Risk Academy work on the subject of NS-13 in distinct roles (governance, policy and convening; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.
Governance, policy and convening
The Global Risks Forum (GRF)
Tracks that convene public authorities, researchers and institutions on the governance of shared risks.
Governance NexusExamines decision rights and council formation.Join this track Research NexusWorks on how evidence is reviewed across institutions.Join this track globalriskforum.comAll tracks of The Global Risks ForumEducation and training
Risk Academy
Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.
Science Policy 101RAF-103 · Introductory · 19.5 learning hoursBringing evidence on risk to decision makers honestly, clearly and usefullyTake this course Policy and GovernanceRAN-307 · Intermediate · 21.5 learning hoursHow institutions, laws and people decide about risk, and how to tell whether policy worksTake this course All courses and disciplinesListed in the education and training section of this pageQuestions and answers.
What is the status of NS-13?
What does applying NS-13 establish?
How is a change to NS-13 proposed?
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The same subject across the Consortium.
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- GRAglobalriskalliance.comImpact evaluation of development financeExposure, loss and capital
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- Nexus Reportstherisk.globalSociety and Human Development in Nexus ReportsWhere it is reported
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Take part in the standards.
Governments, regulators, standards bodies, industry, academia and communities are invited to shape the catalogue ahead of its first official release, targeted for 2030: comment on a draft, propose a change, join a working group or host a field exercise.
Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.
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