Nexus Standards · NRS · Open

NRS

NRS: Nexus Risk Standards

NRS is a open Nexus Standard; the artifacts it governs are identified by UNIs (Unique Nexus Identifier). NRS is open: OPEN (catalogue PROPOSED under proposals NXS-STD-PC-000005 and NXS-STD-PC-000006).

All standardsAll standards
01Overview

Summary

NRSrecord
  1. Statusopen
  2. Responsible scopetrust, authorization and assurance; with the proposed technical committees
  3. IdentifierNXS-STD-DS-000004
  4. Rules stated0
  5. Programme areas0
  6. Documentwithin NS-1
  7. Source filesrepository

Nexus Standards · proposed

02Catalogue

The Nexus Risk Standards catalogue

The Nexus Risk Standards (NRS) form the systemic risk catalogue of the programme: 348 standards in 15 series, each with a defined scope, a responsible technical committee and a drafting wave (348 open). Each series can be expanded to list its standards.

PrefixSeriesScopeStandards
NRS-CRisk coreShared by every other series: vocabulary, method, data, evidence, models, clauses, conformance, disclosure, indicators, maturity, loss accounting and decisions.16
NRS-NAnchor nexus streamsWater, energy, food, health, biodiversity and infrastructure, and the nexus that couples them.7
NRS-TExponential technologyThe risk of each technology and the assurance of its use in risk work.18
NRS-FFinance and insuranceHow risk enters, moves through and is transferred by the financial system.9
NRS-PPolicy and governanceRisk in policy, regulation, public registers, institutions, foresight, rights and procurement.11
NRS-DDevelopment, society and humanitarian actionRisk-informed development, inclusion, humanitarian response, livelihoods, fragility and communities.10
NRS-XCross-cutting domainsClimate, disasters, oceans, supply chains, cities, cyber, information integrity and continuity.12
NRS-IRisk intelligence, evidence and communicationIntelligence products and modalities, communication, model and data cards, research and knowledge.7
NRS-EProgramme and institutionalUniverse, Reports, Academy, campaigns, participation, national adoption, rails and the National Portfolio.8
NRS-SSystem implementation profilesOne profile per functional system class of a risk information ecosystem, plus the passport every system and stack carries.21
NRS-HHazard family standards (NHS-1)One standard per family of the Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1, covering every hazard of the family, its relations and the streams it affects.120
NRS-MRisk method fabrics (Risk Master)One standard per fabric of the Nexus Risk Master, covering its capabilities, bindings, models, evidence, VVUQ and products.23
NRS-UUniverse platform profilesOne profile per Nexus Universe platform (stewarded by GRF), naming the standards, hazards, indicators and methods it implements.27
NRS-KApplied domain pack profilesThe standards profile and risk profile every Universe applied domain pack requires.50
NRS-AAI-native, ontology-native standards infrastructureStandards as code and as an ontology, the agent interface, zero-trust verification, built-in licensing, one-click adoption kits, accessibility, AI-ready data and evaluation suites.9
03Earth observation

Hazards and exposure worldwide

The map is framed on the world as context for the systemic risks the catalogue covers. Shown at first: flood water, 3-day composite (VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE); active fires and thermal anomalies, last day (VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m, FIRMS, NASA LANCE FIRMS); and population density, 2020 (Gridded Population of the World v4.11, NASA SEDAC, CIESIN, Columbia University). The layer drawer adds land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite (VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day); night-time lights, daily (VIIRS Black Marble, VNP46A2); and aerosol optical depth, daily (VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; population density is GPW v4.11 by CIESIN, Columbia University, under CC BY 4.0; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Hazards and exposure

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Flood water, active fires and surface heat beside population and night-time lights, framed on World.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · U.S. Geological SurveySources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (8 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04Canvas

NRS among the standards.

Canvas · NRS among the standardsProcess diagram
NRS in the standard setThe standards that NRS cites, the standards that cite it, and the groups of programmes that list it, as recorded in the texts and the programme register.

Fig.The standards on which NRS builds, those that cite it and the programme areas where it applies, from the texts and the registry.

05Process

The standard as a process

A proposal opens a standard of Nexus Risk Standards: the systemic catalogue; it is drafted under NS-4, reviewed in the open, put to last call and decided by the editors; adoption is a decision of the Global Standards Council (GSC), and national adoption a decision of each National Standards Council (NSC). 6 operations in 5 phases; each states its actor, its decision rule, the record it leaves and the rule identifiers it implements (7 rules of NRS and the standards it applies). Records and artifacts are cited by UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) and version.

Process · How a standard of NRS is developed and adopted6 operations · 5 phases
How a standard of NRS is developed and adoptedA proposal opens a standard of Nexus Risk Standards: the systemic catalogue; it is drafted under NS-4, reviewed in the open, put to last call and decided by the editors; adoption is a decision of the Global Standards Council (GSC), and national adoption a decision of each National Standards Council (NSC).
All operations in order (6)
  1. 01

    File a proposal start · Proposal

    The proposal names the series, the scope and the stakeholder groups affected.

    Who
    any participant, identity recorded
    Decision rule
    every change enters through a proposal
    Record
    a proposal with a UNI
    Implements
    NS13-R1, NS13-R2
  2. 02

    Draft under NS-4 step · Drafting

    Requirements are recorded in the register of requirements.

    Who
    the working group editors
    Decision rule
    atomic, identified and verifiable requirements
    Record
    a draft with registered requirements
    Implements
    NS4-R11, NS4-R16
  3. 03

    Last call gate · Last call

    Every stakeholder group listed on the proposal is notified.

    Who
    the editors
    Decision rule
    objections are dispositioned before acceptance
    Record
    comments and dispositions
    Implements
    NS13-R3
  4. 04

    Editors decide decision · Editors

    The new version is recorded; existing identifiers stay valid.

    Who
    the editors
    Decision rule
    editors do not adopt
    Record
    a decision with reasons and a semantic version
    Implements
    NS13-R4, NS13-R5
  5. 05

    GSC adoption decision · Adoption

    Adoption follows the Charter.

    Who
    the Global Standards Council (GSC)
    Decision rule
    authority decisions are recorded references
    Record
    a decision reference
    Implements
    NS13-R4
  6. 06

    National adoption end · Adoption

    The NSC decides for its jurisdiction.

    Who
    each National Standards Council (NSC)
    Decision rule
    national law and language prevail
    Record
    adopt, adapt or reference
    Implements
    NS13-R4

Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: NRS: Nexus Risk Standards: the systemic catalogue · NS-13: Standards development process · NS-4: Structure and drafting of Nexus Standards and documents.

06Standards by series

Standards by series

For each standard: its code (linked to the published text), title, technical committee, drafting wave and status; the external standards to which it is mapped, linked to their publishers; its dependencies within the catalogue; and the Risk Academy disciplines that teach it. A mapping records a relationship between documents; it is not a statement of conformance or equivalence.

Risk core · 16 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-C1Risk vocabulary and ontologyTC-CORE1OpenISO 31073:2022 Risk management - Vocabulary
ISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
ISO 22300:2021 Security and resilience - Vocabulary
and 2 more		·Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-C2Risk assessment methodTC-CORE1OpenISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
IEC 31010:2019 Risk management - Risk assessment techniques
ISO 31050:2023 Risk management - Guidelines for managing an emerging risk to enhance resilience
and 1 more		NRS-C1Enterprise risk management and risk frameworks
Quantitative risk analysis and statistics
NRS-C3Hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity dataTC-CORE1OpenRisk Data Library Standard (RDLS)
WMO Cataloguing of Hazardous Events (WMO-CHE)
ISO 19115-1:2014 Geographic information - Metadata - Part 1: Fundamentals		NRS-C1, NRS-C4Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
NRS-C4Risk data model, identifiers and exchangeTC-CORE1OpenRisk Data Library Standard (RDLS)
W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3
SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification
and 3 more		NRS-C1Risk data governance, provenance and licensing
Risk information standards and interoperability
NRS-C5Scenarios and stress testingTC-CORE2OpenNGFS long-term climate macro-financial scenarios
IPCC AR6 Working Group II - risk framing (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, response)
Basel III: international regulatory framework for banks (consolidated Basel Framework)		NRS-C2, NRS-C9Scenario analysis and stress testing
Scenario Grammar
NRS-C6Systemic and cascading riskTC-CORE2OpenISO 31050:2023 Risk management - Guidelines for managing an emerging risk to enhance resilience
Methodology for Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in Transboundary Basins
FSB Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions		NRS-C2, NRS-C4Complex systems and systems modelling
Global catastrophic risks
NRS-C7Early warning, triggers and anticipatory actionTC-CORE2OpenOASIS Common Alerting Protocol Version 1.2
Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems: A Checklist
Early Warnings for All initiative and Executive Action Plan 2023-2027
and 2 more		NRS-C2, NRS-C3Early warning and anticipatory action
Anticipatory Action
NRS-C8Evidence, uncertainty and provenanceTC-CORE1OpenW3C PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship
ISO 19157-1:2023 Geographic information - Data quality - Part 1: General requirements
and 1 more		NRS-C1Risk data governance, provenance and licensing
Uncertainty and decision making
NRS-C9Risk models, methods and validationTC-CORE2OpenModel Cards for Model Reporting
ISO/IEC 23894:2023 Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Guidance on risk management
BCBS 239 Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting		NRS-C2, NRS-C8Model risk and validation
Quantitative risk analysis and statistics
NRS-C10Risk clauses and controls libraryTC-CORE1OpenNIST Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL)
JSON Schema 2020-12		NRS-C1Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-C11Conformance, verification and standards maintenanceTC-CORE1OpenISO/IEC 17029:2019 Conformity assessment - General principles and requirements for validation and verification bodies
ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services
W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0
and 2 more		NRS-C10Assurance, internal control and risk culture
Risk information standards and interoperability
NRS-C12Risk disclosure and reportingTC-CORE2OpenIFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information
IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 - European Sustainability Reporting Standards Set 1
and 2 more		NRS-C8, NRS-C13Climate and nature financial risk
Finance Nexus
NRS-C13Risk indicators and composite indicesTC-CORE2OpenHandbook on Constructing Composite Indicators (OECD and JRC) and JRC composite indicator guidance
INFORM Risk Index - Concept and Methodology
Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals
and 1 more		NRS-C4, NRS-C8Risk indicators and composite indices
NRS-C14Resilience capability and maturityTC-CORE2OpenISO 22316:2017 Security and resilience - Organizational resilience - Principles and attributes
ISO 37123:2019 Sustainable cities and communities - Indicators for resilient cities
WHO Joint External Evaluation tool: International Health Regulations (2005) - third edition		NRS-C2, NRS-C8Capacity development and technical assistance
Community resilience and inclusion
NRS-C15Loss, damage and impact accountingTC-CORE2OpenSendai Framework Monitor (38 indicators)
DELTA Resilience (Disaster and Hazardous Events, Losses and Damages Tracking and Analysis)
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting		NRS-C3, NRS-C4Recovery, reconstruction and loss accounting
NRS-C16Risk-informed decisionsTC-CORE2OpenISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
ISO 37000:2021 Governance of organizations - Guidance
ISO 22320:2018 Security and resilience - Emergency management - Guidelines for incident management		NRS-C2Enterprise risk management and risk frameworks
Uncertainty and decision making
Anchor nexus streams · 7 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-N1Water risk and resilienceTC-WEF2OpenISO 24510:2024 Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services - Guidelines for the assessment and for the improvement of the service to users
ISO 24511:2024 Guidelines for the management of wastewater utilities and for the assessment of wastewater services
ISO 24518:2015 Crisis management of water utilities
and 2 more		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3Water security and hydrology
Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus
NRS-N2Energy risk and resilienceTC-WEF2OpenISO 50001:2018 Energy management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
IEC 62351 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security
and 2 more		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3Energy systems and the energy transition
Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus
NRS-N3Food and agriculture risk and resilienceTC-WEF2OpenIntegrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Technical Manual Version 3.1
ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems
Codex Alimentarius international food standards		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3Food systems and agriculture
Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus
NRS-N4Health risk and resilienceTC-HB2OpenWHO International Health Regulations (2005) with 2024 amendments
WHO Joint External Evaluation tool: International Health Regulations (2005) - third edition
One Health approach and the Quadripartite One Health Joint Plan of Action
and 1 more		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3Health systems and health care resilience
One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
NRS-N5Biodiversity and nature risk and resilienceTC-HB2OpenRecommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria
and 2 more		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3Biodiversity and ecosystems
Climate and nature governance
NRS-N6Infrastructure risk and resilienceTC-INF2OpenISO 55000:2024 Asset management - Vocabulary, overview and principles
ISO 22316:2017 Security and resilience - Organizational resilience - Principles and attributes
IEC 62443 series Security for industrial automation and control systems
and 1 more		NRS-C1, NRS-C2, NRS-C3, NRS-C6Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Reliability, safety and resilience engineering
NRS-N7Water-energy-food-health-biodiversity-infrastructure nexus couplingTC-WEF2OpenMethodology for Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in Transboundary Basins
ISO 31050:2023 Risk management - Guidelines for managing an emerging risk to enhance resilience		NRS-N1, NRS-N2, NRS-N3, NRS-N4, NRS-N5, NRS-N6, NRS-C6Food systems and agriculture
Nexus-Based Risk Management (NRM)
Exponential technology · 18 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-T0Exponential technology risk and responsible innovationTC-TEC3OpenOECD AI Principles
ISO 31050:2023 Risk management - Guidelines for managing an emerging risk to enhance resilience
IEEE 7000-2021 Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design		NRS-C2Global catastrophic risks
Innovation and frontier technology governance
NRS-T1Artificial intelligence riskTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 42001:2023 Artificial intelligence - Management system
ISO/IEC 23894:2023 Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Guidance on risk management
ISO/IEC 42005:2025 AI system impact assessment
and 4 more		NRS-T0, NRS-C9AI and digital governance
AI safety and evaluation
NRS-T2Compute and accelerated infrastructure riskTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 22123 Information technology - Cloud computing
ISO/IEC 30134 Data centres - Key performance indicators
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements		NRS-T0Data infrastructure, compute and semiconductors
NRS-T3Digital twins and simulation riskTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 30173:2023 Digital twin - Concepts and terminology
ISO 23247 Automation systems and integration - Digital twin framework for manufacturing
ISO 19650 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works (BIM)		NRS-T0, NRS-C9Complex systems and systems modelling
Complexity and Networks
NRS-T4Sensing and measurement networks riskTC-TEC3OpenOGC SensorThings API Part 1: Sensing
OGC SensorML encoding standard
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SOSA/SSN)
and 1 more		NRS-T0, NRS-C3Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI
Earth Observation and GIS for Risk
NRS-T5Positioning, navigation and timing riskTC-TEC3OpenIEEE 1588 Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems
ITU-T G.8271 Time and phase synchronization aspects of telecommunication networks
International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) interoperability and performance work
and 1 more		NRS-T0Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-T6Earth observation and space systems riskTC-TEC3OpenSpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification
ISO 19115-1:2014 Geographic information - Metadata - Part 1: Fundamentals
CCSDS space data system standards
and 1 more		NRS-T0, NRS-C3Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI
Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-T7Digital identity and trust infrastructure riskTC-TEC3OpenW3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0
W3C Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0
NIST SP 800-207 Zero Trust Architecture
and 1 more		NRS-T0Digital public infrastructure and digital identity
Technology and Data
NRS-T8Software and supply-chain integrity riskTC-TEC3OpenSupply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts (SLSA)
SPDX (System Package Data Exchange) specification; ISO/IEC 5962:2021
CycloneDX Bill of Materials specification (ECMA-424)
and 4 more		NRS-T0Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Technology and Data
NRS-T9Quantum technology and cryptographic transition riskTC-TEC3OpenFIPS 203 Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard
FIPS 204 Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard
FIPS 205 Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard		NRS-T0, NRS-T7Quantum technologies
NRS-T10Biotechnology and life sciences riskTC-TEC3OpenISO 35001:2019 Biorisk management for laboratories and other related organisations
WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual, fourth edition
WHO Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences		NRS-T0, NRS-N4Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology
NRS-T11Robotics and autonomous systems riskTC-TEC3OpenISO 10218 Robotics - Safety requirements for industrial robots
ISO 13482:2014 Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for personal care robots
IEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic safety-related systems		NRS-T0, NRS-T1Robotics and autonomous systems
NRS-T12Energy transition technology riskTC-TEC3OpenISO 50001:2018 Energy management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard		NRS-T0, NRS-N2Climate and energy technologies
NRS-T13Data and digital public infrastructure riskTC-TEC3OpenUniversal Digital Public Infrastructure Safeguards Framework
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation)
W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3
and 1 more		NRS-T0Data infrastructure, compute and semiconductors
Digital public infrastructure and digital identity
NRS-T14Networks and connectivity riskTC-TEC3OpenITU Radio Regulations
ITU-T G.8271 Time and phase synchronization aspects of telecommunication networks
ISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements		NRS-T0, NRS-N6Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Cities and Infrastructure
NRS-T15Distributed ledgers and digital assets riskTC-TEC3OpenISO 22739 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Vocabulary
FATF Recommendations		NRS-T0, NRS-F1Payments, market infrastructure and fintech
NRS-T16AI agents and autonomous decision systems riskTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 42001:2023 Artificial intelligence - Management system
NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0, NIST AI 100-1)
Model Context Protocol specification
and 1 more		NRS-T1, NRS-T7AI safety and evaluation
NRS-T17Machine learning lifecycle, data quality and robustnessTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 5338:2023 AI system life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 5259 Data quality for analytics and machine learning
ISO/IEC 24029 Assessment of the robustness of neural networks
and 2 more		NRS-T1, NRS-C9Artificial intelligence and machine learning
Finance and insurance · 9 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-F1Financial stability and systemic financial riskTC-FIN3OpenFSB Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions
Basel III: international regulatory framework for banks (consolidated Basel Framework)
NGFS long-term climate macro-financial scenarios
and 1 more		NRS-C5, NRS-C6Banking and credit risk
Financial regulation and supervision
NRS-F2Banking climate, nature and transition riskTC-FIN3OpenBCBS Principles for the effective management and supervision of climate-related financial risks
BCBS 239 Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting
Basel III: international regulatory framework for banks (consolidated Basel Framework)
and 1 more		NRS-F1Banking and credit risk
Climate and nature financial risk
NRS-F3Insurance, catastrophe risk and protection gapsTC-FIN3OpenOasis Loss Modelling Framework (open catastrophe model framework and data standards)
IAIS Insurance Core Principles and Common Framework
Directive 2009/138/EC (Solvency II)		NRS-C3, NRS-C9Actuarial science
Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
NRS-F4Capital markets, investment and sustainable financeTC-FIN3OpenIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures
ISO 14097:2021 Framework including principles and requirements for assessing and reporting investments and financing activities related to climate change
IOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation
and 1 more		NRS-F1, NRS-C12Asset management, private markets and institutional investors
Climate and nature financial risk
NRS-F5Sovereign and public finance riskTC-FIN3OpenIMF-World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030		NRS-F1Public finance and sovereign debt
NRS-F6Development finance and safeguardsTC-FIN3OpenIFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability
World Bank Environmental and Social Framework
Equator Principles EP4
and 1 more		NRS-F1, NRS-D1Development finance
NRS-F7Disaster risk finance and pre-arranged financeTC-FIN3OpenSendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Early Action Protocols under the DREF anticipatory pillar		NRS-C7, NRS-F3Disaster risk finance
Anticipatory Action
NRS-F8Parametric and index-based risk transferTC-FIN3OpenOasis Loss Modelling Framework (open catastrophe model framework and data standards)
OASIS Common Alerting Protocol Version 1.2		NRS-F7, NRS-C13Disaster risk finance
Insurance, reinsurance and protection gaps
NRS-F9Finance readiness and investment dossiersTC-FIN3OpenIFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability
Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS)		NRS-E8, NRS-F6Development finance
Policy and governance · 11 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-P1Risk-informed policy and regulatory impact assessmentTC-POL3OpenOECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030		NRS-C2, NRS-C16Risk-informed public policy
Policy and Governance
NRS-P2National risk assessment and public risk registersTC-POL3OpenSendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
ISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
INFORM Risk Index - Concept and Methodology		NRS-C2, NRS-C13Disaster risk reduction
Risk-informed public policy
NRS-P3Institutional governance, integrity and enterprise riskTC-POL3OpenISO 37000:2021 Governance of organizations - Guidance
ISO 37001:2025 Anti-bribery management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 37301:2021 Compliance management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
and 2 more		NRS-C16Enterprise risk management and risk frameworks
Risk governance and institutions
NRS-P4Foresight, horizon scanning and strategyTC-POL3OpenISO 31050:2023 Risk management - Guidelines for managing an emerging risk to enhance resilienceNRS-C5Foresight and futures
Scenario Grammar
NRS-P5Digital and AI governance and regulationTC-POL3OpenRegulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act)
Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS2)
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (Digital Operational Resilience Act)
and 3 more		NRS-T1AI and digital governance
NRS-P6Data responsibility, rights and licensingTC-POL3OpenIASC Operational Guidance on Data Responsibility in Humanitarian Action
CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation)
and 2 more		NRS-C4Contracts, intellectual property and licensing
Risk data governance, provenance and licensing
NRS-P7Public procurement and contracting riskTC-POL3OpenOpen Contracting Data Standard (OCDS)
ISO 37001:2025 Anti-bribery management systems - Requirements with guidance for use		NRS-P3Contracts, intellectual property and licensing
Clausecraft and Licensing
NRS-P8Security, terrorism and geopolitical riskTC-POL3OpenUnited Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
FATF Recommendations
ISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines		NRS-C2, NRS-C6Geopolitical and political risk
Technology security: dual-use, export controls and compute governance
NRS-P9Legal, compliance and regulatory riskTC-POL3OpenISO 37301:2021 Compliance management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 31000:2018 Risk management - Guidelines
NIST Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL)		NRS-P3, NRS-C10Compliance and regulatory change
Financial crime and fraud
NRS-P10Third-party, outsourcing and concentration riskTC-POL3OpenISO/IEC 27036-2:2022 Cybersecurity - Supplier relationships - Part 2: Requirements
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (Digital Operational Resilience Act)
ISO 28000:2022 Security and resilience - Security management systems		NRS-X4Critical minerals, mining and extractives
Trade, supply chains and geoeconomics
NRS-P11Reputational, trust and stakeholder riskTC-POL3OpenUN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
ISO 37000:2021 Governance of organizations - Guidance		NRS-P3Assurance, internal control and risk culture
Risk perception and behavioural science
Development, society and humanitarian action · 10 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-D1Risk-informed development and project screeningTC-DEV3OpenSendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
World Bank Environmental and Social Framework
ISO 14091:2021 Adaptation to climate change - Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment		NRS-C2Development finance
Economic development and macroeconomic shocks
NRS-D2Society, inclusion and human development riskTC-DEV3OpenISO 22395:2018 Security and resilience - Community resilience - Guidelines for supporting vulnerable persons in an emergency
Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights		NRS-C3Human development, poverty and inequality
Just transition, social and human rights risk
NRS-D3Humanitarian response and resilient recoveryTC-DEV3OpenThe Sphere Handbook - Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response
Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS)
Humanitarian Exchange Language (HXL) 1.1
and 1 more		NRS-C7Humanitarian action and displacement
Recovery, reconstruction and loss accounting
NRS-D4Work, skills and livelihoods riskTC-DEV3OpenESCO European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations
Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals		NRS-C3Just transition, social and human rights risk
Work, skills and occupational safety
NRS-D5Economic development, industry and innovation riskTC-DEV3OpenGlobal indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals
ISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements		NRS-C2Economic development and macroeconomic shocks
Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
NRS-D6Conflict, fragility and human security riskTC-DEV3OpenIASC Operational Guidance on Data Responsibility in Humanitarian Action
Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS)		NRS-C2Conflict, fragility and security
NRS-D7Communities, Indigenous peoples and local knowledgeTC-DEV3OpenUnited Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance		NRS-P6Community resilience and inclusion
Resilience Building 101
NRS-D8Displacement, migration and mobility riskTC-DEV3OpenGlobal Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
The Sphere Handbook - Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response
IASC Operational Guidance on Data Responsibility in Humanitarian Action		NRS-D3Humanitarian action and displacement
Migration and human mobility
NRS-D9Civil preparedness and national resilienceTC-DEV3OpenNATO baseline requirements for national resilience
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
ISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements		NRS-X2, NRS-X8Preparedness, emergency and crisis management
NRS-D10Education sector and school safetyTC-DEV3OpenComprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030		NRS-X2Capacity development and technical assistance
Cross-cutting domains · 12 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-X1Climate change risk and adaptationTC-CLX2OpenISO 14090:2019 Adaptation to climate change - Principles, requirements and guidelines
ISO 14091:2021 Adaptation to climate change - Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment
IPCC AR6 Working Group II - risk framing (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, response)
and 2 more		NRS-C2, NRS-C3Climate and nature governance
Climate science, variability and change
NRS-X2Disaster risk reduction and crisis managementTC-CLX2OpenSendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
ISO 22320:2018 Security and resilience - Emergency management - Guidelines for incident management
ISO 22322:2022 Security and resilience - Emergency management - Guidelines for public warning
and 2 more		NRS-C2, NRS-C7Disaster risk reduction
Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
NRS-X3Oceans and coasts riskTC-CLX3OpenGOOS Essential Ocean Variables
ISO 14091:2021 Adaptation to climate change - Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment		NRS-X1Oceans and coasts
NRS-X4Trade, transport and supply chains riskTC-INF3OpenISO 28000:2022 Security and resilience - Security management systems
WCO SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade
NIST SP 800-161 Rev. 1 Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations
and 1 more		NRS-C6Critical minerals, mining and extractives
Trade, supply chains and geoeconomics
NRS-X5Cities and built environment riskTC-INF3OpenISO 37120:2018 Sustainable cities and communities - Indicators for city services and quality of life
ISO 37123:2019 Sustainable cities and communities - Indicators for resilient cities
ISO 19650 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works (BIM)		NRS-N6Cities, housing and the built environment
Cities and Infrastructure
NRS-X6Cyber and digital security riskTC-TEC3OpenISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements
ISO/IEC 27005:2022 Guidance on managing information security risks
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 (NIST CSWP 29)
and 5 more		NRS-C2Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Technology and Data
NRS-X7Information integrity and public trustTC-INT3OpenUnited Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity
C2PA Content Credentials specification		NRS-C8Information integrity and public trust
NRS-X8Operational resilience and business continuityTC-INF2OpenISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements
ISO 22313:2020 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Guidance on the use of ISO 22301
ISO 22316:2017 Security and resilience - Organizational resilience - Principles and attributes
and 1 more		NRS-C2Operational risk and business continuity
Resilience Building 101
NRS-X9Occupational health and safety riskTC-INF3OpenISO 45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systemsNRS-C2Work, skills and occupational safety
NRS-X10Chemical, industrial, nuclear and radiological safetyTC-INF3OpenDirective 2012/18/EU on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (Seveso III)
IEC 61511 Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
IAEA Safety Standards (nuclear, radiation, transport and waste safety)
and 1 more		NRS-C2, NRS-C7Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
NRS-X11Transport safety and resilienceTC-INF3OpenICAO Annex 19 Safety Management
International Safety Management (ISM) Code
ISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements		NRS-N6Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
Transport, ports and logistics
NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health riskTC-HB3OpenWHO global air quality guidelines
ISO 14090:2019 Adaptation to climate change - Principles, requirements and guidelines		NRS-N4, NRS-N5Pollution and environmental health
Risk intelligence, evidence and communication · 7 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-I1Risk intelligence products and modalitiesTC-INT3OpenW3C PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
OASIS STIX Version 2.1 (Structured Threat Information Expression)
IASC Operational Guidance on Data Responsibility in Humanitarian Action		NRS-C8Risk data governance, provenance and licensing
Clausecraft and Licensing
NRS-I2Risk communication and public-safe dashboardsTC-INT3OpenOASIS Common Alerting Protocol Version 1.2
Schema.org vocabulary		NRS-C8Early warning and anticipatory action
Risk communication and risk literacy
NRS-I3Model and data cards for riskTC-INT2OpenModel Cards for Model Reporting
Datasheets for Datasets
Croissant: A Metadata Format for ML-Ready Datasets		NRS-C9Model risk and validation
NRS-I4Research evidence, reproducibility and open scienceTC-INT3OpenFAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship
DataCite Metadata Schema 4.5
ORCID iD (subset of ISNI, ISO 27729)
and 3 more		NRS-C8Research, evidence and the science-policy interface
Science Policy 101
NRS-I5Knowledge products, glossaries and accessTC-INT3OpenSchema.org vocabulary
W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3		NRS-C1Research, evidence and the science-policy interface
Science Policy 101
NRS-I6Knowledge graphs and ontology-based risk intelligenceTC-INT3OpenOWL 2 Web Ontology Language
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
W3C PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
and 3 more		NRS-A2, NRS-C8Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-I7Intelligence applications: grounded retrieval, reasoning and decision supportTC-INT3OpenISO/IEC 42001:2023 Artificial intelligence - Management system
NIST AI 600-1 Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile
W3C PROV-O: The PROV Ontology		NRS-I6, NRS-T1, NRS-A9Artificial intelligence and machine learning
Programme and institutional · 8 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-E1Annual programme cycle, exercises and gatesTC-PRG2OpenISO 22301:2019 Security and resilience - Business continuity management systems - Requirements
ISO 22320:2018 Security and resilience - Emergency management - Guidelines for incident management		NRS-C5Preparedness, emergency and crisis management
NRS-E2Reports: editions, country, regional and technology profilesTC-PRG2OpenDataCite Metadata Schema 4.5
Digital Object Identifier system - ISO 26324
Schema.org vocabulary		NRS-C8, NRS-C12Research, evidence and the science-policy interface
Science Policy 101
NRS-E3Academy: competence, learning by doing and credentialsTC-PRG3OpenOpen Badges 3.0
W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0
ESCO European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations		NRS-C11Capacity development and technical assistance
NRS-E4Public campaigns and engagementTC-PRG4OpenUnited Nations Global Principles for Information IntegrityNRS-I2Risk communication and risk literacy
Science Policy 101
NRS-E5Participation, councils and standingTC-PRG3OpenISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 (procedures) with Consolidated ISO Supplement, and Part 2 (drafting)
W3C Process Document (2025)		NRS-C1Risk governance and institutions
Disaster Risk Reduction
NRS-E6National and regional adoption and hubsTC-PRG2OpenWTO TBT Agreement Annex 3: Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards
ISO 3166-1 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions - Part 1: Country codes
UN M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use		NRS-C11Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons
NRS-E7Rails: agreements, obligations and lawful handoffsTC-PRG3OpenOpen Contracting Data Standard (OCDS)
W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0		NRS-P6Contracts, intellectual property and licensing
Clausecraft and Licensing
NRS-E8National Portfolio and project pipelineTC-PRG2OpenIATI Standard
Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS)		NRS-C2, NRS-C13Development finance
System implementation profiles · 21 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-S0System and stack passports and platform conformanceTC-SYS2OpenNIST Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL)
W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0
CycloneDX Bill of Materials specification (ECMA-424)		NRS-C11·
NRS-S1System profile: NXS-CMD (Integrated posture and executive synthesis)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S2System profile: NXS-NST (Civilian common operating picture)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S3System profile: NXS-DSS (Decision cases and deliberation)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S4System profile: NXS-COR (Compute, nodes and runtimes)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S5System profile: NXS-NXQ (Software, models and capability lifecycle)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S6System profile: NXS-GRX (Canonical data, provenance and risk)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S7System profile: NXS-EOP (Earth observation and digital twins)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S8System profile: NXS-EWS (Multi-hazard monitoring and warning)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S9System profile: NXS-AAP (Anticipatory action and triggers)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S10System profile: NXS-NET (Network topology and continuity)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S11System profile: NXS-OPS (Instruments, sensors and calibration)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S12System profile: NXS-SIG (Signal, spectrum, timing and PNT)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S13System profile: NXS-NSF (Trust, authorization and assurance)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S14System profile: NXS-HUB (Knowledge, records and learning)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S15System profile: NXS-STU (Composition, dashboards and workflows)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S16System profile: NXS-FAC (Blueprints, builds and signing)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S17System profile: NXS-APP (Application catalogue and lifecycle)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S18System profile: NXS-RLS (Participants, agreements and handoffs)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S19System profile: NXS-POR (Public, client and partner delivery)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
NRS-S20System profile: NXS-LAB (Research, experiments and simulations)TC-SYS3Open·NRS-S0·
Hazard family standards (NHS-1) · 120 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-H1Hazard family: Convective storms (NHS-1 atmo.convective)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
NRS-H2Hazard family: Cyclonic storm systems (NHS-1 atmo.cyclone)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
NRS-H3Hazard family: Damaging wind (NHS-1 atmo.wind)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
NRS-H4Hazard family: Precipitation extremes (NHS-1 atmo.precipitation)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
NRS-H5Hazard family: Thermal extremes (NHS-1 atmo.thermal)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
Heat, drought and wildfire
NRS-H6Hazard family: Airborne particles and low visibility (NHS-1 atmo.particles)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H7Hazard family: Large-scale circulation anomalies (NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H8Hazard family: Surface radiation extremes (NHS-1 atmo.radiation)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H9Hazard family: Freshwater inundation (NHS-1 water.flood)TC-WEF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N1Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
Water security and hydrology
NRS-H10Hazard family: Water deficit (NHS-1 water.deficit)TC-WEF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N1Food systems and agriculture
Heat, drought and wildfire
NRS-H11Hazard family: Coastal and sea-level hazards (NHS-1 water.coastal)TC-WEF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X3Floods, storms and tropical cyclones
Oceans and coasts
NRS-H12Hazard family: Ocean-state extremes (NHS-1 water.ocean-state)TC-WEF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X3Oceans and coasts
NRS-H13Hazard family: Water-quality degradation (NHS-1 water.quality)TC-WEF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N1Water security and hydrology
Water Nexus
NRS-H14Hazard family: Snowpack hazards (NHS-1 cryo.snowpack)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H15Hazard family: Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change (NHS-1 cryo.glacier)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H16Hazard family: Floating ice (NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Oceans and coasts
NRS-H17Hazard family: Fault shaking and rupture (NHS-1 geo.seismic)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X2Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
NRS-H18Hazard family: Eruption products and unrest (NHS-1 geo.eruptive)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X2Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
NRS-H19Hazard family: Slope failure and mass movement (NHS-1 geo.slope)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X2Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
NRS-H20Hazard family: Ground deformation and subsidence (NHS-1 geo.ground)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X2Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
NRS-H21Hazard family: Erosion and sediment movement (NHS-1 geo.surface)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X2Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
Land, forests and soils
NRS-H22Hazard family: Solar-terrestrial storms (NHS-1 space.solar-storm)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T5Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-H23Hazard family: Impacts and orbital hazards (NHS-1 space.orbital)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T6Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-H24Hazard family: Vegetation and peat fire (NHS-1 eco.wildfire)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Heat, drought and wildfire
Land, forests and soils
NRS-H25Hazard family: Forest and woodland stress (NHS-1 eco.forest)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N5Land, forests and soils
NRS-H26Hazard family: Land and wetland degradation (NHS-1 eco.land)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N5Land, forests and soils
NRS-H27Hazard family: Biodiversity and species stress (NHS-1 eco.species)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N5Biodiversity and ecosystems
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
NRS-H28Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H29Hazard family: Air pollution episodes (NHS-1 poll.air-quality)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H30Hazard family: Contaminated water, soil and food (NHS-1 poll.contamination)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H31Hazard family: Persistent and bioaccumulative substances (NHS-1 poll.persistent)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H32Hazard family: Hazardous releases and chemical agents (NHS-1 poll.release)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X10Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
NRS-H33Hazard family: Ionising radiation and nuclear material (NHS-1 poll.radiological)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X10Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
NRS-H34Hazard family: Waste and residue failures (NHS-1 poll.waste)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H35Hazard family: Airborne and respiratory infection (NHS-1 health.respiratory)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H36Hazard family: Vaccine-preventable outbreaks (NHS-1 health.vaccine-preventable)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H37Hazard family: Faecal-oral and foodborne infection (NHS-1 health.enteric)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H38Hazard family: Vector-borne infection (NHS-1 health.vector-borne)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H39Hazard family: Haemorrhagic fever (NHS-1 health.haemorrhagic)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H40Hazard family: Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection (NHS-1 health.bloodborne)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H41Hazard family: Animal-to-human spillover (NHS-1 health.zoonotic)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
Health Nexus
NRS-H42Hazard family: Rare and persistent human infections (NHS-1 health.other-human)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H43Hazard family: Livestock and aquaculture epizootics (NHS-1 health.animal-health)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N3One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
Health Nexus
NRS-H44Hazard family: Plant disease and pests (NHS-1 health.plant-health)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N3Food systems and agriculture
One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
NRS-H45Hazard family: Systemic biological risks (NHS-1 health.systemic-bio)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T10Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology
NRS-H46Hazard family: Environmental and product harm to people (NHS-1 health.harm)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H47Hazard family: Structural and civil failure (NHS-1 infra.structural)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N6Cities, housing and the built environment
Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
NRS-H48Hazard family: Utility and communication network outage (NHS-1 infra.utilities)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N6Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Cities and Infrastructure
NRS-H49Hazard family: Transport accidents (NHS-1 infra.transport)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X11Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
Transport, ports and logistics
NRS-H50Hazard family: Industrial and process accidents (NHS-1 infra.industrial)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X10Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
Technological, industrial and Natech hazards
NRS-H51Hazard family: Malicious compromise (NHS-1 cyber.intrusion)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X6Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Technology and Data
NRS-H52Hazard family: Information-integrity attacks (NHS-1 cyber.integrity)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X7Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Information integrity and public trust
NRS-H53Hazard family: Cyber-physical disruption (NHS-1 cyber.cyber-physical)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X6Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
NRS-H54Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T14Digital public infrastructure and digital identity
Technology and Data
NRS-H55Hazard family: Organised and collective violence (NHS-1 soc.armed-violence)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-P8Conflict, fragility and security
NRS-H56Hazard family: Conflict-induced harm (NHS-1 soc.conflict-induced)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D6Conflict, fragility and security
Humanitarian action and displacement
NRS-H57Hazard family: Humanitarian crises (NHS-1 soc.humanitarian)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D3Humanitarian action and displacement
NRS-H58Hazard family: Crowd and collective behaviour (NHS-1 soc.collective)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D2Conflict, fragility and security
NRS-H59Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-F1Economic development and macroeconomic shocks
NRS-H60Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)TC-CORE3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X4Critical minerals, mining and extractives
Systemic, compound and cascading risk
NRS-H61Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)TC-CORE2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-C6Systemic, compound and cascading risk
Complexity and Networks
NRS-H62Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)TC-CORE2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-C6Disaster risk reduction
Systemic, compound and cascading risk
NRS-H63Hazard family: Seabed and deep-sea hazards (NHS-1 geo.seabed)TC-CLX3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X3Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides
Oceans and coasts
NRS-H64Hazard family: Ecosystem regime shifts (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N5Biodiversity and ecosystems
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
NRS-H65Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
Global catastrophic risks
NRS-H66Hazard family: Ice tipping elements (NHS-1 planet.ice-tipping)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H67Hazard family: Ocean circulation and marine tipping (NHS-1 planet.ocean-tipping)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Oceans and coasts
NRS-H68Hazard family: Biome tipping elements (NHS-1 planet.biome-tipping)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Biodiversity and ecosystems
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
NRS-H69Hazard family: Carbon-cycle feedbacks (NHS-1 planet.carbon-feedback)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H70Hazard family: Atmospheric circulation and monsoon tipping (NHS-1 planet.circulation-tipping)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Climate science, variability and change
NRS-H71Hazard family: Deep-time and cosmic catastrophes (NHS-1 planet.deep-time)TC-CLX2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X1Global catastrophic risks
NRS-H72Hazard family: Novel entities and emerging contaminants (NHS-1 poll.novel-entities)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H73Hazard family: Indoor environment hazards (NHS-1 poll.indoor)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H74Hazard family: Noise, light and thermal pollution (NHS-1 poll.physical)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X12Pollution and environmental health
NRS-H75Hazard family: Climate-sensitive illness (NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H76Hazard family: Drug and insecticide resistance by pathogen class (NHS-1 health.drug-resistance)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
Health Nexus
NRS-H77Hazard family: Emerging and unknown infection threats (NHS-1 health.emerging)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Public health emergencies and epidemics
Health Nexus
NRS-H78Hazard family: Maternal, newborn and child health emergencies (NHS-1 health.maternal-child)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Health systems and health care resilience
Health Nexus
NRS-H79Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Health systems and health care resilience
Health Nexus
NRS-H80Hazard family: Noncommunicable disease surges (NHS-1 health.ncd)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Health systems and health care resilience
Health Nexus
NRS-H81Hazard family: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency (NHS-1 health.nutrition)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Food systems and agriculture
Food Nexus
NRS-H82Hazard family: Occupational disease and injury (NHS-1 health.occupational)TC-HB3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X9Work, skills and occupational safety
NRS-H83Hazard family: Health system capacity failure (NHS-1 health.system)TC-HB2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N4Health systems and health care resilience
Health Nexus
NRS-H84Hazard family: Energy system instability and shortfall (NHS-1 infra.energy)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N2Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Energy systems and the energy transition
NRS-H85Hazard family: Water and wastewater system failure (NHS-1 infra.water-systems)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N1Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Water security and hydrology
NRS-H86Hazard family: Telecom and data-centre failure (NHS-1 infra.digital)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T14Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Data infrastructure, compute and semiconductors
NRS-H87Hazard family: Space-based service loss (NHS-1 infra.space-services)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T6Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-H88Hazard family: Seabed infrastructure damage (NHS-1 infra.seabed)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X3Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Cities and Infrastructure
NRS-H89Hazard family: Transport network disruption (NHS-1 infra.mobility)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X4Transport, ports and logistics
NRS-H90Hazard family: Food system infrastructure failure (NHS-1 infra.food-systems)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N3Food systems and agriculture
Food Nexus
NRS-H91Hazard family: Urban and building-stock stress (NHS-1 infra.urban)TC-INF3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X5Cities, housing and the built environment
Cities and Infrastructure
NRS-H92Hazard family: Ageing and degraded infrastructure (NHS-1 infra.ageing)TC-INF2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-N6Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Reliability, safety and resilience engineering
NRS-H93Hazard family: Identity, trust and cryptographic failure (NHS-1 cyber.identity)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T7Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Technology and Data
NRS-H94Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-X6Cybersecurity and digital resilience
Technology and Data
NRS-H95Hazard family: AI system failure and misalignment (NHS-1 tech.ai-failure)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T1AI safety and evaluation
Artificial intelligence and machine learning
NRS-H96Hazard family: AI security and model supply chain (NHS-1 tech.ai-security)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T1AI safety and evaluation
NRS-H97Hazard family: AI misuse and capability uplift (NHS-1 tech.ai-misuse)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T1AI safety and evaluation
Technology security: dual-use, export controls and compute governance
NRS-H98Hazard family: Agentic AI acting at scale (NHS-1 tech.ai-agentic)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T1AI safety and evaluation
NRS-H99Hazard family: Algorithmic decision and structural harm (NHS-1 tech.ai-society)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T1AI and digital governance
Artificial intelligence and machine learning
NRS-H100Hazard family: Robotics, autonomy and autonomous weapons (NHS-1 tech.autonomy-weapons)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T11Global catastrophic risks
Robotics and autonomous systems
NRS-H101Hazard family: Biotechnology and synthetic biology (NHS-1 tech.biotech)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T10Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology
Global catastrophic risks
NRS-H102Hazard family: Nanotechnology and advanced materials (NHS-1 tech.nano-materials)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T0Innovation and frontier technology governance
NRS-H103Hazard family: Neurotechnology, human enhancement and extended reality (NHS-1 tech.neuro-enhancement)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T0Innovation and frontier technology governance
NRS-H104Hazard family: Quantum technology and cryptographic transition (NHS-1 tech.quantum)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T9Quantum technologies
NRS-H105Hazard family: Climate intervention technologies (NHS-1 tech.climate-intervention)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T0Climate and nature governance
NRS-H106Hazard family: Space technology and orbital infrastructure (NHS-1 tech.space-systems)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T6Space systems, space weather and navigation
NRS-H107Hazard family: Digital infrastructure concentration and monoculture (NHS-1 tech.digital-concentration)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T8Digital public infrastructure and digital identity
Technology and Data
NRS-H108Hazard family: Advanced and distributed manufacturing (NHS-1 tech.advanced-manufacturing)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T0Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
NRS-H109Hazard family: Energy-transition technology failures (NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T12Climate and energy technologies
NRS-H110Hazard family: Distributed ledgers and digital assets (NHS-1 tech.ledger)TC-TEC3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-T15Payments, market infrastructure and fintech
NRS-H111Hazard family: Geopolitical confrontation and strategic weapons (NHS-1 soc.geopolitical)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-P8Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons
Geopolitical and political risk
NRS-H112Hazard family: Governance and institutional failure (NHS-1 soc.governance)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-P3Geopolitical and political risk
Risk governance and institutions
NRS-H113Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-F1Financial stability and systemic financial risk
Shock Propagation
NRS-H114Hazard family: Macroeconomic and fiscal shocks (NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-F5Public finance and sovereign debt
NRS-H115Hazard family: Labour and technology transition (NHS-1 soc.labour-transition)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D4Just transition, social and human rights risk
Work, skills and occupational safety
NRS-H116Hazard family: Population structure and movement (NHS-1 soc.demographic)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D8Human development, poverty and inequality
Migration and human mobility
NRS-H117Hazard family: Social cohesion and atrocity risk (NHS-1 soc.cohesion)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D2Information integrity and public trust
NRS-H118Hazard family: Organised crime and illicit economies (NHS-1 soc.crime)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-P8Financial crime and fraud
NRS-H119Hazard family: Cultural heritage loss (NHS-1 soc.heritage)TC-DEV3Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-D7Community resilience and inclusion
Resilience Building 101
NRS-H120Hazard family: Structural fragility of interconnected systems (NHS-1 sys.fragility)TC-CORE2Open·NRS-C3, NRS-C7, NRS-C6Conflict, fragility and security
Systemic, compound and cascading risk
Risk method fabrics (Risk Master) · 23 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-M1Method fabric: Universal mathematics and statisticsTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Actuarial science
Risk indicators and composite indices
NRS-M2Method fabric: Hazard scienceTC-CLX2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Climate science, variability and change
Early warning and anticipatory action
NRS-M3Method fabric: Exposure and asset intelligenceTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
Cities, housing and the built environment
NRS-M4Method fabric: Vulnerability, fragility and resilienceTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
Community resilience and inclusion
NRS-M5Method fabric: Consequence and lossTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
Recovery, reconstruction and loss accounting
NRS-M6Method fabric: Catastrophe riskTC-FIN2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling
Disaster risk finance
NRS-M7Method fabric: Networks, dependency and systemic riskTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Complex systems and systems modelling
Nexus-Based Risk Management (NRM)
NRS-M8Method fabric: Financial riskTC-FIN2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Asset management, private markets and institutional investors
Banking and credit risk
NRS-M9Method fabric: Insurance and reinsuranceTC-FIN2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Actuarial science
Disaster risk finance
NRS-M10Method fabric: Markets, trade and supply chainsTC-INF2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Critical minerals, mining and extractives
Trade, supply chains and geoeconomics
NRS-M11Method fabric: Sovereign, macroeconomic and development riskTC-FIN2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Development finance
Economic development and macroeconomic shocks
NRS-M12Method fabric: Policy, regulation and governanceTC-POL2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9AI and digital governance
Climate and nature governance
NRS-M13Method fabric: Water riskTC-WEF2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Water security and hydrology
Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus
NRS-M14Method fabric: Food, agriculture and fisheriesTC-WEF2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Food systems and agriculture
Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus
NRS-M15Method fabric: Energy riskTC-WEF2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Climate and energy technologies
Energy systems and the energy transition
NRS-M16Method fabric: Health and epidemiologyTC-HB2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology
Health systems and health care resilience
NRS-M17Method fabric: Climate, nature and biodiversityTC-HB2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Biodiversity and ecosystems
Climate and nature financial risk
NRS-M18Method fabric: Critical infrastructure and industrial riskTC-INF2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Critical infrastructure and lifelines
Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials
NRS-M19Method fabric: Cyber, AI and frontier technologyTC-TEC2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9AI safety and evaluation
Artificial intelligence and machine learning
NRS-M20Method fabric: Geopolitics, conflict and human securityTC-DEV2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Conflict, fragility and security
Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons
NRS-M21Method fabric: Projects, programmes and infrastructure investmentTC-FIN2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Development finance
NRS-M22Method fabric: Risk dataTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Data infrastructure, compute and semiconductors
Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI
NRS-M23Method fabric: Scientific assuranceTC-CORE2Open·NRS-C2, NRS-C8, NRS-C9Model risk and validation
Research, evidence and the science-policy interface
Universe platform profiles · 27 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-U1Universe platform profile: Asset Management NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U2Universe platform profile: Banking NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U3Universe platform profile: Biodiversity NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U4Universe platform profile: Capital Markets NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U5Universe platform profile: Capital NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U6Universe platform profile: Development Finance NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U7Universe platform profile: Diplomacy NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U8Universe platform profile: Energy NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U9Universe platform profile: Financial Regulation NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U10Universe platform profile: Fintech NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U11Universe platform profile: Food NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U12Universe platform profile: Foresight NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U13Universe platform profile: Governance NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U14Universe platform profile: Health NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U15Universe platform profile: Innovation NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U16Universe platform profile: Institutional Funds NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U17Universe platform profile: Insurance NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U18Universe platform profile: Nexus AgencyTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U19Universe platform profile: Nexus CampaignsTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U21Universe platform profile: Nexus LabsTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U22Universe platform profile: Nexus RegistryTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U23Universe platform profile: Nexus ReportsTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U24Universe platform profile: Policy NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U25Universe platform profile: Private Equity NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U26Universe platform profile: Research NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U27Universe platform profile: Sovereign Capital NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-U28Universe platform profile: Water NexusTC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
Applied domain pack profiles · 50 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-K1Domain pack profile: Aviation (DOMAIN-001)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K2Domain pack profile: Maritime (DOMAIN-002)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K3Domain pack profile: Rail (DOMAIN-003)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K4Domain pack profile: Roads mobility (DOMAIN-004)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K5Domain pack profile: Transport logistics (DOMAIN-005)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K6Domain pack profile: Ports trade corridors (DOMAIN-006)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K7Domain pack profile: Cities urban (DOMAIN-007)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K8Domain pack profile: Buildings housing (DOMAIN-008)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K9Domain pack profile: Data centers (DOMAIN-009)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K10Domain pack profile: Semiconductors (DOMAIN-010)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K11Domain pack profile: Telecom digital infrastructure (DOMAIN-011)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K12Domain pack profile: Space satellite (DOMAIN-012)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K13Domain pack profile: Mining critical minerals (DOMAIN-013)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K14Domain pack profile: Manufacturing industrial (DOMAIN-014)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K15Domain pack profile: Chemicals process (DOMAIN-015)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K16Domain pack profile: Waste circular economy (DOMAIN-016)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K17Domain pack profile: Forests land (DOMAIN-017)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K18Domain pack profile: Oceans coastal (DOMAIN-018)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K19Domain pack profile: Fisheries blue economy (DOMAIN-019)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K20Domain pack profile: Climate adaptation (DOMAIN-020)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K21Domain pack profile: Climate mitigation carbon (DOMAIN-021)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K22Domain pack profile: Disaster risk resilience (DOMAIN-022)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K23Domain pack profile: Humanitarian crisis (DOMAIN-023)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K24Domain pack profile: Education workforce (DOMAIN-024)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K25Domain pack profile: Digital government (DOMAIN-025)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K26Domain pack profile: Public finance fiscal risk (DOMAIN-026)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K27Domain pack profile: Biotechnology bioeconomy (DOMAIN-027)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K28Domain pack profile: Quantum ecosystem (DOMAIN-028)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K29Domain pack profile: Robotics autonomy (DOMAIN-029)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K30Domain pack profile: Ai national adoption (DOMAIN-030)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K31Domain pack profile: Cyber national resilience (DOMAIN-031)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K32Domain pack profile: Nuclear fusion (DOMAIN-032)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K33Domain pack profile: Hydrogen storage (DOMAIN-033)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K34Domain pack profile: Agriculture rural (DOMAIN-034)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K35Domain pack profile: Health infrastructure (DOMAIN-035)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K36Domain pack profile: Critical infrastructure (DOMAIN-036)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K37Domain pack profile: Research infrastructure (DOMAIN-037)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K38Domain pack profile: Supply chain trade (DOMAIN-038)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K39Domain pack profile: Community local resilience (DOMAIN-039)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K40Domain pack profile: Islands small states (DOMAIN-040)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K41Domain pack profile: Arctic polar (DOMAIN-041)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K42Domain pack profile: Cross border basins (DOMAIN-042)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K43Domain pack profile: Industrial decarbonization (DOMAIN-043)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K44Domain pack profile: Construction infrastructure delivery (DOMAIN-044)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K45Domain pack profile: Emergency communications (DOMAIN-045)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K46Domain pack profile: Food supply chains (DOMAIN-046)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K47Domain pack profile: Pharmaceutical medical supply (DOMAIN-047)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K48Domain pack profile: Financial system resilience (DOMAIN-048)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K49Domain pack profile: Nature finance projects (DOMAIN-049)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
NRS-K50Domain pack profile: Sovereign compute ai infrastructure (DOMAIN-050)TC-UNV3Open·NRS-E1, NRS-S0·
AI-native, ontology-native standards infrastructure · 9 standards
CodeTitleCommitteeWaveStatusCrosswalksDepends onTaught in (Risk Academy)
NRS-A1Standards as code: machine-readable standards, requirements and testsTC-CORE1OpenNIST Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL)
JSON-LD 1.1
JSON Schema 2020-12		NRS-C10Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-A2Ontology-native standards: the Nexus risk ontology, vocabularies and shapesTC-CORE1OpenOWL 2 Web Ontology Language
SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
and 6 more		NRS-C1Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-A3Agent interface to the standardsTC-CORE1OpenModel Context Protocol specification
OpenAPI Specification
JSON Schema 2020-12		NRS-A1Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-A4Zero-trust verification of standards and conformanceTC-CORE1OpenRFC 8032 Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
in-toto Attestation Framework
Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts (SLSA)
and 4 more		NRS-C11Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-A5Built-in licensing and rightsTC-CORE1OpenSPDX (System Package Data Exchange) specification; ISO/IEC 5962:2021
SPDX License List
REUSE Specification
and 2 more		NRS-C4Contracts, intellectual property and licensing
Clausecraft and Licensing
NRS-A6One-click deployment and adoption kitsTC-CORE1OpenOCI Image Format Specification
Reproducible Builds definition and practices
Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts (SLSA)
and 1 more		NRS-A4, NRS-A5Risk information standards and interoperability
Technology and Data
NRS-A7Accessibility, plain language and translation of standardsTC-PRG2OpenWeb Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 (procedures) with Consolidated ISO Supplement, and Part 2 (drafting)		NRS-A1Risk communication and risk literacy
Science Policy 101
NRS-A8AI-ready risk data and model packagingTC-INT2OpenCroissant: A Metadata Format for ML-Ready Datasets
Model Cards for Model Reporting
Datasheets for Datasets
and 1 more		NRS-A2, NRS-I3Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI
Earth Observation and GIS for Risk
NRS-A9Evaluation suites for AI in risk workTC-INT2OpenISO/IEC 25059:2023 Quality model for AI systems
NIST AI 600-1 Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile
ISO/IEC 24029 Assessment of the robustness of neural networks		NRS-A1, NRS-C9AI safety and evaluation
07System model and scenario simulator

System model and cascade scenario: NRS Nexus Risk Standards

A system model of the context of NRS built from the registry: 26 hazards, 22 systems, 10 sectors, 14 controls, 25 feeds, 18 indicators. The systems are the NRS series that carry modelling (hazard, core, nexus streams, finance); the model shows where the records, data and controls that NRS governs sit in a cascade, and is not a reading of the standard's text. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments. The Map view places the same run on an example geography, The Philippines, a region suited to the hazards named, with open data: Natural Earth boundaries, an H3 hexagon grid and NASA satellite layers for the initiating hazard. The geography serves exercises and training and is not an assessment of that place.

Hazards

  • Earthquake
  • Tsunami
  • Volcanic ash fall
  • Rockfall
  • Natech event
  • Heatwave
  • Windstorm
  • Tropical cyclone
  • Ice-jam flood
  • Flash flood
  • Dam failure
  • Financial contagion
  • Storm surge (set off downstream)
  • Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
  • River flood (set off downstream)
  • Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
  • Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
  • Mass displacement (set off downstream)
  • Coastal flood (set off downstream)
  • Large forest disturbance (set off downstream)
  • Wildfire (set off downstream)
  • Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)
  • Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)
  • Agricultural drought (set off downstream)
  • Flash drought (set off downstream)
  • Snow drought (set off downstream)

Systems and couplings

Controls

  • NS-0 Constitution and principles
  • NS-3 Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)
  • NS-3b Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)
  • NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)
  • NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)
  • NS-1 The UNI and the artifact catalog (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)
  • NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
  • NS-14 Conformance and crosswalk to external standards
  • NRS-H61 Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)
  • NRS-H62 Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)
  • NRS-H60 Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)
  • NRS-H94 Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)
  • NRS-H113 Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)
  • NRS-H59 Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)

Observation

  • USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
  • Global Volcanism Program volcano and eruption database (listed for reference)
  • NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database (listed for reference)
  • NASA landslide nowcasts (LHASA) and Global Landslide Catalog (listed for reference)
  • Copernicus EMS rapid mapping activations (listed for reference)
  • OpenStreetMap planet and replication (listed for reference)
  • ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) (listed for reference)
  • Global Power Plant Database (listed for reference)
  • NASA Black Marble night-time lights (VNP46) (listed for reference)
  • Ember electricity data (listed for reference)
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (listed for reference)
  • EIA Open Data API (listed for reference)
  • CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)
  • ECMWF open data (IFS and AIFS real-time forecasts) (listed for reference)
  • GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)
  • NWS API active alerts (CAP 1.2 as GeoJSON) (listed for reference)
  • INFORM Risk Index (listed for reference)
  • World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)
  • IMF data services (WEO, IFS, FSI via SDMX) (listed for reference)
  • IPC acute food insecurity analyses (listed for reference)
  • FEWS NET outlooks and data (listed for reference)
  • FAO GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool (listed for reference)
  • ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)
  • BIS Data Portal (credit, debt service, property prices, banking statistics) (listed for reference)
  • OECD Data Explorer (SDMX API) (listed for reference)
  • Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
  • Direct economic loss resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure
  • Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
  • Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP
  • Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters
  • Proportion of population with access to electricity
  • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption
  • Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters
  • Total official international support for national DRR actions
  • Number of countries that have multi-hazard early warning systems
  • Number of deaths attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
  • Macroeconomic Dashboard
  • Prevalence of undernourishment
  • Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES)
  • Indicator of food price anomalies
  • Direct agricultural loss attributed to disasters
  • Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services
  • Financial Soundness Indicators

Example geography

  • The Philippines: 184 H3 hexagons at resolution 4
  • Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
  • Sulphur dioxide (OMPS, NOAA-20), NASA GIBS
  • Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS
  • Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
08Research hub

Recent research on NRS

Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.

Search termssystemic risk; cascading risk; compound risk; cascading hazards; polycrisis; global catastrophic risk; GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance; SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standardcombined with: assessment; governance; framework; modelling; management; standardDerived from the subject of the standard and its rules, and the external standards of its crosswalk domains.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

09Source

NRS in the standards repository

The text, schemas, machine-readable files, registry rows, tests and history behind NRS, on the main branch of the canonical repository. Text, registry, schemas and catalog are CC BY 4.0; tools and tests are Apache-2.0.

Source text

FileWhat it holdsLinks
standards/risk/README.mdindex of the Nexus Risk StandardsHistory
standards/risk/349 standard texts, one file per standardHistory
standards/INDEX.mdstatus and document of every standardHistory

Machine-readable files

FileWhat it holdsLinks
machine/catalogue.jsonldJSON-LD · 7201 mentionsRaw · First mention, line 10
machine/catalogue.oscal.jsonOSCAL JSON · 2569 mentionsRaw · First mention, line 22
machine/catalogue.ttlTurtle (RDF) · 9563 mentionsRaw · First mention, line 1288
machine/harmonisation.ttlTurtle (RDF) · 14 mentionsRaw · First mention, line 92
machine/nexus-risk-ontology.ttlTurtle (RDF) · 1 mentionRaw · First mention, line 18
machine/nexus-risk-shapes.ttlTurtle (RDF) · 1 mentionRaw · First mention, line 53
catalog/artifact-catalog.yamlcatalog records · 4 mentionsFirst mention, line 1778

Registry rows

FileWhat it holdsLinks
registry/risk-standards.yaml'Nexus Risk Standards: the systemic catalogue' · 4748 rows or mentionsLine 24
registry/risk-taxonomy.yaml'Nexus risk taxonomy: the full risk spectrum on Nexus-native vocabularies' · 2563 rows or mentionsLine 24
registry/risk-standards.source.yaml'Nexus Risk Standards: the systemic catalogue' · 575 rows or mentionsLine 25
registry/native-register.yaml'Nexus native register: every Nexus-native authority the Nexus Standards derive from' · 111 rows or mentionsLine 63
registry/subsites.yamlNexus Standards subsites - the systemic architecture of nexustandards.com · 41 rows or mentionsLine 44
registry/participation.yaml'Participation in the Nexus Standards: start-up, cadence, working groups, expert communities and gateways' · 28 rows or mentionsLine 246
registry/harmonisation.yaml'Nexus harmonisation register: one authority per concept, every sibling list mapped to it' · 18 rows or mentionsLine 61
registry/review-investigations.yamlCirculation for technical review and comment, and the technical review areas · 13 rows or mentionsLine 89
registry/licensing-rules.yamlBuilt-in licensing rules (NRS-A5) · 1 row or mentionsLine 2
registry/risk-vocabulary.yamlNexus risk vocabulary and risk classes · 1 row or mentionsLine 6
registry/trust-roots.yamlTrust roots for verifying releases of the Nexus Standards (NRS-A4) · 1 row or mentionsLine 2

Tests and validators

FileWhat it holdsLinks
test/agent-interface.test.mjstest · 4 mentionsLine 22
test/native-convergence.test.mjstest · 4 mentionsLine 42
test/risk-standards.test.mjstest · 7 mentionsLine 17
test/zero-trust.test.mjstest · 3 mentionsLine 27
tools/build-catalogue.mjstool or validatorLine 150
tools/build-investigations.mjstool or validatorLine 31
tools/build-risk-standards.mjstool or validatorLine 100
tools/check-rdf.pytool or validatorLine 2
tools/export-machine.mjstool or validatorLine 4
tools/lib/standards-api.mjstool or validatorLine 3
tools/mcp-server.mjstool or validatorLine 4
tools/nexus-standards.mjstool or validatorLine 4
tools/release.mjstool or validatorLine 4
tools/serve.mjstool or validatorLine 4
tools/validate.mjstool or validatorLine 414

Change history

FileWhat it holdsLinks
CHANGELOG.mdnotable changes, by version·
release/manifest.jsonrelease manifest with file digestsin-toto statement
Releasestagged releases of the repository·
proposals/NXS-STD-PC-000006.jsonFull-spectrum completion of the Nexus Risk Standards, the risk taxonomy and the AI-native, ontology-native standards infrastructure (series A)History
proposals/NXS-STD-PC-000007.jsonNative convergence of the Nexus Risk Standards: every classification derived from the Nexus-native authorities (NHS-1, NIS-1, the Risk Master, the Nexus vocabularies, the Nexus Universe, NXOSI and NRM)History
proposals/NXS-STD-PC-000009.jsonRisk atlas 1.1: NHS-1 1.1.0 with planetary, frontier-technology, health, society, built-system and systemic hazards and seven risk classes; the Nexus risk vocabulary; industries, proposed sector codes, disciplines and the full jurisdiction crosswalkHistory
proposals/NXS-STD-PC-000010.jsonFirst work programme of the Nexus Standards: drafting rules and requirement register, maintenance procedure, information-hazard policy, NHS-2 model specification, new core standards NRS-C17 to NRS-C24, workstream terms of reference, accessibility and language policy, and the conformity assessment schemeHistory

Propose a change

FileWhat it holdsLinks
Open a proposal on NRSissue form: target, kind, rationale (NS-13)Template
Issue form: commentissue formTemplate
Issue form: errataissue formTemplate
Issues that mention NRSopen and closed·
Pull request templatewhat a change must carry: target, kind, rationale, validation·
CONTRIBUTING.mdpull requests, sign-off and checks·
GOVERNANCE.mdhow registry codes and texts change·
10Develop and take part

How NRS is developed, and how to take part

NRS is developed in the open under NS-13 (the stages and gates of NS-13). Working groups draft, councils decide the reserved matters, and anyone may propose a change, comment, submit an implementation report, object or appeal, without membership or fee.

11External standards

Relation to external standards

NRS relates to external standards by identifier, clause number and URL (NS14-R1), and directs the reader to the issuing body.

12Research

Recent research and sources

Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.

Curated references

Related standards and frameworks

Search terms, derived from the subject of the standard and its rules: systemic risk; cascading risk; compound risk; cascading hazards; polycrisis; global catastrophic risk; combined with: assessment; governance; framework; modelling; management; standard. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.

13Education and training

Risk Academy courses and disciplines

3 courses and 3 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of NRS. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.

Courses

Course RAN-308 · Systems and nexusCross-Stream PracticumAn end-to-end risk assessment and action plan for a place and sector you chooseAdvanced · Nexus stream · 26 learning hoursTake this course · risksacademy.comCourse RAS-401 · Systems and nexusComplexity and NetworksSeeing systemic risk through feedback, interdependence and network structureIntermediate · Systems stream · 25.5 learning hoursTake this course · risksacademy.comCourse RAF-102 · Hazards and resilienceResilience Building 101Concepts, measures and investments that help people, infrastructure and organisations withstand and recover from shocksIntroductory · Foundation stream · 19.5 learning hoursTake this course · risksacademy.com

Disciplines

Discipline · Systems and nexusNexus-Based Risk Management (NRM)risksacademy.comDiscipline · Risk scienceEnterprise risk management and risk frameworksrisksacademy.comDiscipline · Systems and nexusSystemic, compound and cascading riskrisksacademy.com

The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.

14Across the network

Programmes, tracks and courses for this standard

GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Forum (GRF), The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) and Risk Academy work on the subject of NRS in distinct roles (research and evidence; governance, policy and convening; capital, finance and markets; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.

Research and evidence

GCRI Canada

Research programmes that produce the observations, models and assessments these records describe.

Systemic Risk ManagementDevelops the discipline of managing risk in interconnected systems.Apply to this programme Systems Science and ModellingDevelops coupled-systems modelling.Apply to this programme therisk.globalAll programmes of GCRI Canada

Governance, policy and convening

The Global Risks Forum (GRF)

Tracks that convene public authorities, researchers and institutions on the governance of shared risks.

Governance NexusCompares risk governance across institutions.Join this track globalriskforum.comAll tracks of The Global Risks Forum

Capital, finance and markets

The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)

Industry programmes in which financial institutions build a shared understanding of systemic risk.

Financial StabilityWorks on systemic financial risk.Join this programme globalriskalliance.comAll programmes of The Global Risks Alliance

Education and training

Risk Academy

Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.

Cross-Stream PracticumRAN-308 · Advanced · 26 learning hoursAn end-to-end risk assessment and action plan for a place and sector you chooseTake this course Complexity and NetworksRAS-401 · Intermediate · 25.5 learning hoursSeeing systemic risk through feedback, interdependence and network structureTake this course Resilience Building 101RAF-102 · Introductory · 19.5 learning hoursConcepts, measures and investments that help people, infrastructure and organisations withstand and recover from shocksTake this course All courses and disciplinesListed in the education and training section of this page
15Questions

Questions and answers.

What is the status of NRS?
NRS is open. It may be applied voluntarily; adoption follows last call and a decision of the Global Standards Council, and national adoption is decided by each National Standards Council.
What does applying NRS establish?
Applying NRS is a statement by the implementer, verifiable under NS-11 where machine-readable clauses exist.
How is a change to NRS proposed?
By a proposal naming NRS, the section concerned and the rationale; it passes review and last call under NS-13.
NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-STD

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Nexus Standards

Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.

Across the Consortium

The same subject across the Consortium.

Related

Around the Nexus Standards.

Nexus Standards

Take part in the standards.

Governments, regulators, standards bodies, industry, academia and communities are invited to shape the catalogue ahead of its first official release, targeted for 2030: comment on a draft, propose a change, join a working group or host a field exercise.

Propose a change Roadmap to 2030Adopt and implement

Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.

Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.