Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction
Hazards rarely arrive alone: an earthquake triggers landslides, a cyclone a flood, a heatwave a wildfire and a power failure. This programme covers the hazard-family standards and the disaster risk reduction frameworks that describe events, losses and cascades in comparable records, with the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) 1.2 as its worked package. Each artefact of these areas carries a UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier).
- Geophysical hazard: couples with
technological-hazard-standards,critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities,compound-and-cascading-hazard-standards,atmosphere-and-air-quality-risk-standards. - Hydrometeorological hazard: couples with
water-risk-standards,early-warning-and-anticipatory-action,energy-risk-standards,climate-risk-standards. - Chemical hazard: couples with
technological-hazard-standards,environmental-degradation-hazard-standards,health-risk-standards,geophysical-hazard-standards. - Wildfire and vegetation fire: couples with
atmosphere-and-air-quality-risk-standards,climate-risk-standards,hydrometeorological-hazard-standards,energy-risk-standards. - Compound and cascading hazard: couples with
hydrometeorological-hazard-standards,geophysical-hazard-standards,critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities,global-and-systemic-risk. - Space weather, spectrum and timing: couples with
energy-risk-standards,critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities,extraterrestrial-hazard-standards,cyber-and-digital-risk-standards. - Extraterrestrial hazard: couples with
space-weather-and-timing-risk-standards,global-catastrophic-and-existential-risk-standards,critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities,early-warning-and-anticipatory-action. - Disaster risk reduction: couples with
hydrometeorological-hazard-standards,early-warning-and-anticipatory-action,disaster-and-climate-risk-finance,cities-and-urban-systems-risk-standards. - Sendai Framework alignment: couples with
undrr-and-sendai-monitor,sdg-and-2030-agenda-alignment,early-warning-and-anticipatory-action,paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment. - UNDRR and the Sendai Framework Monitor: couples with
sendai-framework-alignment,disaster-risk-reduction,compound-and-cascading-hazard-standards. - Defence and civil protection: couples with
humanitarian-sector-standards,digital-and-telecom-sector-standards,public-sector-and-government-standards,space-industry.
Summary
- 01Context mapExample geography
- 02Systemic couplingsTransmission channels to related areas and programmes
- 03System modelHow a shock travels through this system
- 04Area indexAreas of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction
- 05Data sourcesData sources
- 06Systemic couplingsCouplings with other programmes
- 07Implementation packageCAP 1.2: implementation package
- 08IndicatorsIndicators
- Areas
- 11
- 6 catalogued, 5 proposed
- Nexus Standards
- 8
- applied across the areas
- Open standards
- 21
- named and linked, never reproduced
- Data sources
- 32
- listed for reference
- UNI
- requested · allocation in progress
- Status
- Proposedin preparation
- Last reviewed
- area profile
Nexus Standards (2026). Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction: a programme of the Nexus Standards. Proposed. https://nexustandards.com/hazards/. Last reviewed 17 October 2026.
Files include the credits and the licence statement and are generated in the browser; no data is transmitted. Downloads require JavaScript.
Example geography
Open Earth observation layers for bangladesh, an example geography for hazards and disaster risk reduction. The map provides context only and does not indicate where the standards apply. Layers, dates and credits are shown on the map.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 3
Hazards now
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE FIRMS
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-13
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Estimated
- Source
- GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)
- Provider
- NASA GES DISC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite estimate, near real time
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolution
- about 2 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 2 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite measure of haze, smoke and dust through the whole air column on the day shown; an exposure indicator, not ground-level PM2.5, an air quality index or a health warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Estimated
- Source
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))
- Provider
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Vintage
- null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom.
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth.
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Hazards now, framed on Bangladesh.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · U.S. Geological SurveySources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
- Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
- Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Optional layers (17 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates.
- Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
- Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
- Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC · 12 Oct 2026
- Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
How a shock travels through this system
A system model of this programme built from the registry: 26 hazards, 31 systems, 10 sectors, 14 controls, 32 feeds, 19 indicators. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments. The Map view places the same run on an example geography, Bangladesh, the region of the programme’s context map, with open data: country boundaries, a grid of hexagonal cells and NASA satellite layers for the initiating hazard. The geography serves exercises and training and is not an assessment of that place.
Hazards
- Earthquake
- Tsunami
- Volcanic ash fall
- Rockfall
- Tropical cyclone
- Flash flood
- Heatwave
- Toxic gas release
- Persistent organic pollutants
- Wildfire
- Wildland-urban interface fire
- Debris flow
- Natech event
- Geomagnetic storm
- Solar radiation storm
- Ionospheric disturbance
- Airburst
- Uncontrolled re-entry
- Storm surge (set off downstream)
- Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
- River flood (set off downstream)
- Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
- Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
- Mass displacement (set off downstream)
- Coastal flood (set off downstream)
- Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)
Systems and couplings
- Geophysical hazard standards
- Hydrometeorological hazard standards
- Chemical hazard standards
- Wildfire and vegetation fire standards
- Compound and cascading hazard standards
- Space weather, spectrum and timing risk standards
- Extraterrestrial hazard standards
- Disaster risk reduction
- Sendai Framework alignment
- UNDRR and the Sendai Framework Monitor
- Defence and civil protection
- Technological and industrial hazard standards Cascade (Natech)
- Critical infrastructure and critical entities Cascade
- Atmosphere and air quality risk standards Cascade
- Water risk standards Shared events
- Early warning and anticipatory action Mechanism
- Energy risk standards Cascade
- Climate risk standards Common driver
- Environmental degradation hazard standards Cascade
- Health risk standards Cascade
- Global and systemic risk Mechanism
- Cyber and digital risk standards Common driver
- Global catastrophic and existential risk standards Mechanism
- Disaster and climate risk finance Feedback
- Cities and urban systems risk standards Mechanism
- SDG and 2030 Agenda alignment Coupling
- Paris Agreement and NDC alignment Coupling
- Humanitarian and civil society Coupling
- Digital, telecom and platforms Coupling
- Public sector and government Coupling
- Space industry Coupling
Controls
NS-0Constitution and principlesNS-3Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)NS-3bDataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-11Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-9Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-1The UNI and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)NS-14Conformance and crosswalk to external standardsNS-10Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NRS-H87Hazard family: Space-based service loss (NHS-1 infra.space-services)NRS-H61Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)NRS-H106Hazard family: Space technology and orbital infrastructure (NHS-1 tech.space-systems)NRS-H62Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H60Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)NRS-H54Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)
Observation
- USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
- Global Volcanism Program volcano and eruption database (listed for reference)
- NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database (listed for reference)
- NASA landslide nowcasts (LHASA) and Global Landslide Catalog (listed for reference)
- ECMWF open data (IFS and AIFS real-time forecasts) (listed for reference)
- ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) (listed for reference)
- GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)
- NWS API active alerts (CAP 1.2 as GeoJSON) (listed for reference)
- CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)
- PubChem compound, hazard and GHS classification records (listed for reference)
- eMARS Major Accident Reporting System (listed for reference)
- NASA FIRMS active fire detections (MODIS, VIIRS) (listed for reference)
- Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS) burnt area and fire danger (listed for reference)
- CAMS global atmospheric composition forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)
- NASA EONET natural event tracker (listed for reference)
- Copernicus EMS rapid mapping activations (listed for reference)
- OpenStreetMap planet and replication (listed for reference)
- NOAA SWPC space weather products (JSON services) (listed for reference)
- CelesTrak GP orbital element sets (OMM) (listed for reference)
- Sentry impact monitoring API (listed for reference)
- Minor Planet Center observations and orbits (listed for reference)
- DesInventar disaster loss databases (listed for reference)
- INFORM Risk Index (listed for reference)
- Global SDG Indicators Database (listed for reference)
- EM-DAT international disaster database (listed for reference)
- Sendai Framework Monitor public data (listed for reference)
- DesInventar national disaster loss databases (listed for reference)
- UN SDG Global Database API (indicators 1.5.1, 11.5.1, 13.1.1) (listed for reference)
- UNDRR-ISC hazard information profiles classification (listed for reference)
- Copernicus Emergency Management Service rapid mapping (listed for reference)
- ReliefWeb API (listed for reference)
- World Development Indicators (listed for reference)
- Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
- Direct economic loss resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure
- Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
- Number of countries that have multi-hazard early warning systems
- Number of deaths attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
- Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste and other chemicals
- Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion treated
- Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning
- Forest area as a proportion of total land area
- Number of directly affected people attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
- Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP
- Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters
- Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters
- Number of countries that adopt and implement national DRR strategies
- Total public international support for national disaster risk reduction actions (Sendai indicator F-1)
- Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters, per 100,000 population
- Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product
- Number of directly affected people attributed to disasters, per 100,000 population
- Percentage of population exposed to or at risk from disasters protected through pre-emptive evacuation following early warning
Example geography
- Bangladesh: 134 hexagonal cells
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
- Sulphur dioxide (OMPS, NOAA-20), NASA GIBS
- Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
- Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
Couplings, indicators and sources
The couplings with other programmes, the indicators, the references and the data sources the programme draws on.
Couplings with other programmes
71 couplings link the areas of this programme with 14 other programmes, counted in both directions from the area profiles.
| Coupled programme | Couplings | Example mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Energy and Critical Infrastructure | 14 | Common driver: geomagnetic storms induce currents that damage transformers and disrupt GNSS timing used in grid synchronisation.Energy risk standards to Space weather, spectrum and timing risk standards |
| Climate and Earth Systems | 13 | Common driver: warming intensifies heavy rainfall, heatwaves and drought, shifting hazard distributions.Climate risk standards to Hydrometeorological hazard standards |
| Humanitarian Action and Development | 8 | Sendai indicators A-1, B-1 and G-1 are also SDG indicators 1.5.1, 11.5.1 and 13.1.1, so one record UNI serves both reporting streams and double counting is avoided.Sendai Framework alignment to SDG and 2030 Agenda alignment |
| Early Warning and Anticipatory Action | 7 | Mechanism: ensemble forecasts feed triggers; verification statistics determine trigger reliability.Hydrometeorological hazard standards to Early warning and anticipatory action |
| Space and Earth Observation | 6 | Satellite imagery, communications and positioning underpin situational awareness.Defence and civil protection to Space industry |
| Digital, Cyber and AI | 4 | Common driver: GNSS jamming and spoofing are deliberate interference threats.Space weather, spectrum and timing risk standards to Cyber and digital risk standards |
| Governance, Security and Society | 4 | Civil protection is part of national DRR governance and Sendai reporting.Defence and civil protection to Public sector and government |
| Cities and the Built Environment | 3 | Mechanism: impervious surfaces amplify pluvial flooding and the urban heat island amplifies heatwaves.Cities and urban systems risk standards to Hydrometeorological hazard standards |
The programme at work
Its development and participation, the areas it holds, the standards that apply and the channels to related areas.
CAP 1.2: implementation package
The register entry for CAP 1.2, with the issuing body’s process, the clause map, the crosswalk, adoption guidance, contribution channels, deployment notes and updates.
oasis-cap-1-2- BodyOASIS Emergency Management TC
- Version1.2 (OASIS Standard 1 July 2010; announced 12 August 2010)
- Relationadopt
- Updatesfor reference
Open the package
Process diagram, clause map, crosswalk, adoption, channels, deployment notes and updates.
AvailableOpen the schema
CAP 1.2 XML Schema (CAP-v1.2.xsd), read at the issuing body’s endpoint and not copied.
Available · draft in the browserCompose a profile
The composer with this standard selected; YAML or JSON with citations.
PlannedRun the test suite
In the sandbox with worked examples; in the meantime, the issuing body’s own validator.
Transmission channels to related areas and programmes
The systemic couplings recorded for this context, grouped by transmission mechanism. The bar summarises each mechanism (select one to filter); each entry names the connected area or programme and describes the mechanism.
The interactive view requires JavaScript; the sections below present the same records.
Working groups, participation and learning
How to take part, the proposed working groups, the readiness pathways, learning at Risk Academy, the institutions of the network and common questions.
Participation and governance
- 01
Charter a working group
Select an area above, adopt its proposed charter and submit it as a public change record under NS-13; the editors decide with written reasons. Develop a standard.
- 02
Amend an area brief
Propose an amendment to an area profile, citing a peer-reviewed or official source.
- 03
Propose a data source
Propose a source with its provider, licence and delivery path for licence review.
- 04
National participation
Each participating country takes part through its National Nexus Consortium (NNC). The National Standards Council (NSC) decides adoption, adaptation or reference in its jurisdiction, and National Working Groups (NWGs) draft national inputs and run field exercises. Competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.
- 05
Contribute at the issuing body
Contributions to an external standard are made through the issuing body’s own channels; outcomes are reflected here as register changes. Movement and contribution.
Questions and answers
What is the status of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction?
What is the basis of the area briefs?
How are data sources presented?
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- EmailGateway GW-STDSend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsNexus StandardsSee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, infrastructure, society, Bangladesh.
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.
- 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · This pageHazards and Disaster Risk ReductionMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, infrastructure, society and Bangladesh.Public API
global, sector, strategic, technology, thematicSeries in this context hazards, infrastructure, society
- GSGlobal DisasterMulti-hazard exposure, disaster losses and mortality, return-period losses, protection gaps and coping capacity.NXS-GRX-AR-000066Hazards · Crisis · Infrastructure
- THDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR)Hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, preparedness, redundancy and recovery readings for planning and learning, aligned to the Sendai Framework targets.NXS-GRX-AR-000109Hazards · Crisis · Infrastructure
- GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Hazards · Society · Infrastructure
- GSGlobal CitiesUrban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Hazards · Infrastructure · Society
Country profiles Bangladesh
Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply.
Hazard domains NHS-1
- Atmosphere and weatherNXS-GRX-AR-000135
- Water systemsNXS-GRX-AR-000136
- Solid EarthNXS-GRX-AR-000138
Geodata and API open
Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines.
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0.
Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.
Contribute to Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction
Institutions and experts are invited to charter a working group, amend an area brief or propose a data source. National participation is organised through each country’s National Nexus Consortium (NNC) and its National Working Groups (NWGs); competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.
Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artefact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.
Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.