Data and Evidence
Every claim in the ecosystem is only as reliable as the record behind it. This programme covers the identifier, data, provenance, statistics, publication, decision-record, privacy and streaming standards, with PROV-O as its worked package. Each artefact of these areas carries a UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier).
- Identification (the UNI): couples with
registries-and-resolver,data-standards,documentation-and-publication-standards,naming-and-ip-standards. - Data and datasets: couples with
provenance-and-evidence-standards,naming-and-ip-standards,indicators-and-statistics,geospatial-and-earth-observation-standards. - Provenance and evidence: couples with
verified-intelligence-and-transparency,data-standards,decision-records-and-accountability. - Indicators and statistics: couples with
data-standards,disaster-risk-reduction,visualization-and-maps-standards. - Documentation and publication: couples with
identification-standards,naming-and-ip-standards,indexing-and-discovery. - Decision records and accountability: couples with
provenance-and-evidence-standards,identity-and-zero-trust-standards,standards-development-standards. - Privacy and data protection: couples with
data-standards,sovereign-deployment-and-data-residency,ethics-safeguarding-and-do-no-harm. - Real-time and streaming data: couples with
real-time-fabric,alerting-and-messaging,data-standards.
Summary
- Programme
nexustandards.com/data/ - StatusIn preparation.
- Areas8 · 4 catalogued
- Nexus StandardsNS-1, NS-3, NS-9, NS-6, NS-7, NS-3b, NS-11, NS-2, NS-4, NS-8, NS-10, NS-13
- Open standards40
- Data sources21
- Couplings39 with 11 programmes
Area profiles are proposed.
- Areas
- 8
- 4 catalogued, 4 proposed
- Nexus Standards
- 12
- applied across the areas
- Open standards
- 40
- named and linked, never reproduced
- Data sources
- 21
- listed for reference
- UNI
- requested · allocation in progress
- Status
- Proposedin preparation
- Last reviewed
- area profile
Nexus Standards (2026). Data and Evidence: a programme of the Nexus Standards. Proposed. https://nexustandards.com/data/. Last reviewed 17 October 2026.
Files include the credits and the licence statement and are generated in the browser; no data is transmitted. Downloads require JavaScript.
The programme at work
Its development and participation, the areas it holds, the standards that apply and the channels to related areas.
PROV-O: implementation package
The register entry for PROV-O, with the issuing body’s process, the clause map, the crosswalk, adoption guidance, contribution channels, deployment notes and updates.
w3c-prov-o- StandardW3C PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
- BodyW3C Provenance Working Group
- VersionW3C Recommendation 30 April 2013
- Relationadopt
- Updatesfor reference
Open the package
Process diagram, clause map, crosswalk, adoption, channels, deployment notes and updates.
AvailableOpen the schema
PROV-O ontology (OWL), read at the issuing body’s endpoint and not copied.
Available · draft in the browserCompose a profile
The composer with this standard selected; YAML or JSON with citations.
PlannedRun the test suite
In the sandbox with worked examples; in the meantime, the issuing body’s own validator.
Transmission channels to related areas and programmes
The systemic couplings recorded for this context, grouped by transmission mechanism. The bar summarises each mechanism (select one to filter); each entry names the connected area or programme and describes the mechanism.
The interactive view requires JavaScript; the sections below present the same records.
How a shock travels through this system
A system model of this programme built from the registry: 21 systems, 10 sectors, 18 controls, 21 feeds, 15 indicators. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments.
Systems and couplings
- Identification (the UNI)
- Data and datasets
- Provenance and evidence
- Indicators and statistics
- Documentation and publication
- Decision records and accountability
- Privacy and data protection
- Real-time and streaming data
- Registries and the resolver Coupling
- Naming, marks and intellectual property Coupling
- Geospatial and Earth observation Coupling
- Verified intelligence and transparency Coupling
- Disaster risk reduction Coupling
- Visualisation, figures and maps Coupling
- Indexing and discovery Coupling
- Identity, authorisation and zero trust Coupling
- Open standards development Coupling
- Sovereign deployment and data residency Coupling
- Ethics, safeguarding and do no harm Coupling
- Real-time fabric Coupling
- Alerting and messaging Coupling
Controls
NS-1The UNI and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)NS-3Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)NS-9Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-6Surface wiring (API header, panel provenance, passports, OpenAPI)NS-7Resolver landing pages, page meta tags, sitemapNS-3bDataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-11Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-2Citation and attribution format for UNIsNS-4Structure and drafting of Nexus Standards and documents (v0.2: clause structure, verbal forms, registered requirements; document front matter)NS-8Zenodo publishing workflow with legal gate, DOI write-back, Software Heritage archivalNS-10Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-13Standards development process (open proposals, review, versioning, adoption)NRS-U23Universe platform profile: ReportsNRS-H94Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)NRS-U14Universe platform profile: Health NexusNRS-H65Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-U22Universe platform profile: RegistryNRS-H112Hazard family: Governance and institutional failure (NHS-1 soc.governance)
Observation
- ROR REST API v2 (listed for reference)
- DataCite REST API (DOIs) (listed for reference)
- ORCID public API v3.0 (listed for reference)
- Wikidata Query Service (listed for reference)
- re3data registry of research data repositories API (listed for reference)
- World Bank Data Catalog and Indicators API (listed for reference)
- Software Heritage archive API (listed for reference)
- Rekor public transparency log (listed for reference)
- UN SDG Global Database API (listed for reference)
- World Bank Indicators API (listed for reference)
- IMF data portal (listed for reference)
- INFORM Risk index data (listed for reference)
- Zenodo REST API (listed for reference)
- Crossref REST API (works) (listed for reference)
- UN Digital Library (listed for reference)
- Open Contracting data registry (listed for reference)
- UNCTAD Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Worldwide (listed for reference)
- EUR-Lex Cellar SPARQL endpoint (listed for reference)
- WIS2 Global Discovery Catalogue (OGC API – Records) (listed for reference)
- USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
- NOAA NWS alerts API (listed for reference)
- Metadata is identified by a persistent identifier
- Metadata can be accessed manually (resolvable identifier)
- Proportion of children under 5 whose births have been registered (context for identity infrastructure, not a UNI measure)
- Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reused
- Metadata includes provenance information according to community-specific standards
- Statistical capacity indicators
- Metadata includes provenance information according to a cross-community language
- Countries that have conducted a census and achieved 100 per cent birth and 80 per cent death registration
- Countries that adopt and implement national DRR strategies (SDG 1.5.3, 11.b.1, 13.1.1)
- Metadata is offered in such a way that it can be harvested and indexed
- Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive
- Countries that adopt and implement guarantees for public access to information
- Data processing management category of the Control function
- Countries that have multi-hazard early warning systems
- Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology
Couplings, indicators and sources
The couplings with other programmes, the indicators, the references and the data sources the programme draws on.
Couplings with other programmes
39 couplings link the areas of this programme with 11 other programmes, counted in both directions from the area profiles.
| Coupled programme | Couplings | Example mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Open Infrastructure and Developers | 11 | Every UNI minted under NS-1 and NS-3 must resolve at /uni/{uni} with content negotiation; an identifier that does not resolve is treated as unallocated by the resolver.Identification (the UNI) to Registries and the resolver |
| Foundations and Governance | 7 | The Data and Evidence programme profiles the record kinds (observation, source release, indicator, boundary) whose UNIs are minted under NS-3 by the governed data service.The UNI and the artefact catalogue to Data and Evidence |
| Trust, Verification and Assurance | 7 | Receipts are logged as Merkle leaves with inclusion proofs; the corresponding infrastructure area publishes signed tree heads.Provenance and evidence to Verified intelligence and transparency |
| Space and Earth Observation | 4 | EO products are analytical product records described by the NS-3b STAC profile with PROV-O lineage to source scenes.Geospatial and Earth observation to Data and datasets |
| Early Warning and Anticipatory Action | 2 | Candidate CAP messages travel as notifications on a topic hierarchy modelled on WIS 2.0, pointing to the resolver rather than carrying the full record.Alerting and messaging to Real-time and streaming data |
| Humanitarian Action and Development | 2 | HDX datasets enter the governed data service as source releases with record UNIs, with per-dataset licences attached as the Data and Evidence programme requires.OCHA and humanitarian data to Data and Evidence |
| Readiness and Adoption | 2 | Dataset profiles, licensing gates and record UNIs defined in the data area are the core of what the evidence pathway reads.The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada) evidence pathway to Data and datasets |
| Communities, Learning and Contribution | 1 | The Data and Evidence programme provides the UNI and record exploration tools this path uses.For STEM communities to Data and Evidence |
Working groups, participation and learning
How to take part, the proposed working groups, the readiness pathways, learning at Risk Academy, the institutions of the network and common questions.
Participation and governance
- 01
Charter a working group
Select an area above, adopt its proposed charter and submit it as a public change record under NS-13; the editors decide with written reasons. Develop a standard.
- 02
Amend an area brief
Propose an amendment to an area profile, citing a peer-reviewed or official source.
- 03
Propose a data source
Propose a source with its provider, licence and delivery path for licence review.
- 04
National participation
Each participating country takes part through its National Nexus Consortium (NNC). The National Standards Council (NSC) decides adoption, adaptation or reference in its jurisdiction, and National Working Groups (NWGs) draft national inputs and run field exercises. Competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.
- 05
Contribute at the issuing body
Contributions to an external standard are made through the issuing body’s own channels; outcomes are reflected here as register changes. Movement and contribution.
Questions and answers
What is the status of Data and Evidence?
What is the basis of the area briefs?
How are data sources presented?
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- EmailGateway GW-STDSend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsNexus StandardsSee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, climate, conflict, the world.
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.
- 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · This pageData and EvidenceMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, climate, conflict.Public API
global, sector, strategic, technology, thematicSeries in this context hazards, climate, conflict
- GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Hazards · Climate · Conflict
- THDisaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.NXS-GRX-AR-000111Hazards · Climate · Conflict
- GSGlobal CitiesUrban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Hazards · Infrastructure · Climate
- GSGlobal ClimateChronic and acute physical climate hazard, transition exposure, adaptation gaps and scenario pathways to 2030, 2050 and 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065Climate · Hazards · Finance
Country profiles the world
Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply.
Hazard domains NHS-1
- Atmosphere and weatherNXS-GRX-AR-000135
- Solid EarthNXS-GRX-AR-000138
- Systemic and compound eventsNXS-GRX-AR-000148
Geodata and API open
Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines.
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0.
Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.
Contribute to Data and Evidence
Institutions and experts are invited to charter a working group, amend an area brief or propose a data source. National participation is organised through each country’s National Nexus Consortium (NNC) and its National Working Groups (NWGs); competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.
Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artefact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.
Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.