Nexus Standards · NS-15 · Proposed

NS-15

NS-15: System model binding (identity levels, passports, chronotopes, relationships, risk routes and engines, cell intelligence, agent genomes)

NS-15 is a proposed Nexus Standard; the artifacts it governs are identified by UNIs (Unique Nexus Identifier). A risk information system describes the world through a system model: subjects, object passports, chronotopes, relationships, risk routes, risk engines, cell-based intelligence (pins and frames over a discrete global grid), agent genomes and risk-context envelopes. NS-15 binds each of these concepts to the Nexus Standards: which UNI category or record kind identifies it, which identity level it may claim, which NS-9 context it belongs to, which NS-10 clauses may bind it and how NS-11 evaluates it. An implementation's own system model remains the authority for its own semantics; NS-15 fixes only how the standards see it, so that every implementation that adopts NS-15 exposes the same model at its interfaces.

01Overview

Summary

NS-15record
  1. Statusproposed
  2. Responsible scopetrust, authorization and assurance; canonical risk data, records and provenance
  3. IdentifierNXS-STD-ST-000014
  4. Rules stated0
  5. Programme areas0
  6. Source filesrepository

Nexus Standards · proposed

02Status

Status of NS-15

Preparatory working draft, circulated for review and comment. Not for implementation. Prepared and circulated by The Secretariat of the Nexus Standards, Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada) (public@therisk.global), 17 October 2026. Technical review area: TR-02. This document is not a Nexus Standard; it may change without notice and is not to be implemented, relied upon or cited as a Nexus Standard. Its stage is designated only by the Global Standards Council and its technical committees under NS-13. Recipients are invited to submit comments with supporting reasons, and to notify any patent rights of which they are aware. See the notice of circulation.

03Earth observation

Hazards and exposure in the Caribbean

The map frames the Caribbean as an example geography for the subject of NS-15; the frame gives context and is not a statement of where the standards apply. Shown at first: flood water, 3-day composite (VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE); active fires and thermal anomalies, last day (VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m, FIRMS, NASA LANCE FIRMS); and population density, 2020 (Gridded Population of the World v4.11, NASA SEDAC, CIESIN, Columbia University). The layer drawer adds land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite (VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day); night-time lights, daily (VIIRS Black Marble, VNP46A2); and aerosol optical depth, daily (VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; population density is GPW v4.11 by CIESIN, Columbia University, under CC BY 4.0; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Hazards and exposure

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Flood water, active fires and surface heat beside population and night-time lights, framed on the Caribbean.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · U.S. Geological SurveySources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (8 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04Canvas

NS-15 among the standards.

Canvas · NS-15 among the standardsProcess diagram
NS-15 in the standard setThe standards that NS-15 cites, the standards that cite it, and the groups of programmes that list it, as recorded in the texts and the programme register.

Fig.The standards on which NS-15 builds, those that cite it and the programme areas where it applies, from the texts and the registry.

05Process

The standard as a process

A representation becomes a subject only when it is enrolled at identity level 4 through the record identifier service; the durable passport is filled from records; relationship edges carry evidence and chronotopes; a risk-context envelope requests an evaluation or a route; attestations name the subject by its UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier). 8 operations in 5 phases; each states its actor, its decision rule, the record it leaves and the rule identifiers it implements (17 rules of NS-15 and the standards it applies).

Process · Binding a subject: identity level, passport, relations and attestation8 operations · 5 phases
Binding a subject: identity level, passport, relations and attestation (NS-15)A representation becomes a subject only when it is enrolled at identity level 4 through the record identifier service; the durable passport is filled from records; relationship edges carry evidence and chronotopes; a risk-context envelope requests an evaluation or a route; attestations name the subject by its UNI.
All operations in order (8)
  1. 01

    Representation start · Identity

    A rendered feature is a representation of something, not a subject.

    Who
    a map, tile or interface
    Decision rule
    levels 0 to 3 never mint; tile and feature ids are never UNIs
    Record
    a feature at identity level 0 to 3, which never mints
    Implements
    NS15-R1
  2. 02

    Enrol at level 4 gate · Identity

    Enrolment allocates the subject UNI; a de-escalation is recorded, never inferred.

    Who
    the responsible steward of the subject, with the receipt the system model requires
    Decision rule
    a level is a recorded fact; escalation needs a receipt or enrollment
    Record
    an SU UNI through the record identifier service
    Implements
    NS15-R1, NS15-R2
  3. 03

    Durable passport record · Passport

    A rendered or investigative passport is not durable and carries no UNI of its own; a public-safe projection is a separate version.

    Who
    the governed data service
    Decision rule
    every section is filled from records or marked NOT_AVAILABLE with the reason
    Record
    a passport version with sections filled from records and a limitations section
    Implements
    NS15-R5, NS15-R6, NS15-R7, NS15-R9
  4. 04

    Relationship edges step · Relations

    Probability and scenario references are carried where applicable.

    Who
    the data steward
    Decision rule
    a disputed edge is shown as disputed, never dropped
    Record
    edges naming both ends by UNI with evidenceRef and validity
    Implements
    NS15-R11, NS15-R12, NS15-R13
  5. 05

    Chronotope step · Relations

    Time and place of validity are explicit, so a result is never read outside them.

    Who
    the data steward
    Decision rule
    evaluations across different chronotopes are INDETERMINATE
    Record
    chronotopeRef on contexts and attestations that depend on time or place
    Implements
    NS15-R14
  6. 06

    Context envelope step · Routing

    An envelope without a resolvable subject is refused.

    Who
    the requester
    Decision rule
    the envelope is digested into the evidence of the evaluation or route
    Record
    a risk-context envelope: requester, purpose, subject, space, time, chronotope
    Implements
    NS15-R23, NS15-R24
  7. 07

    Risk route decision · Routing

    Engines are selected by their recorded lifecycle state.

    Who
    the trust and assurance system
    Decision rule
    excluded candidates are kept with reasons; a re-route supersedes
    Record
    a route with its policy decision and excluded candidates
    Implements
    NS15-R15, NS15-R16, NS15-R18
  8. 08

    Attest the subject end · Assurance

    The passport's policy section lists results as PASS, FAIL, INDETERMINATE, NOT_APPLICABLE or REFUSED.

    Who
    an evaluator with a mandate
    Decision rule
    an attestation on a representation is REFUSED; results are shown as recorded, never as a score
    Record
    an attestation naming the SU UNI or a contextual UNI
    Implements
    NS15-R4, NS15-R8

Fig.Phases read left to right; each card names the operation, its actor and the record it leaves, and each edge label names the hand-over. Play, step or scrub; the detail panel gives the full text of the selected operation. Sources: NS-15: System model binding.

06Specification

NS-15 clause by clause

11 clauses and 0 rules as stated in the standard, presented with numbered clauses, stable rule anchors, versions and changes.

Versions0.1.016 October 2026current versionchangelog0.6.0 (2026-10-19), complete release
1

Identity levels and what each may carry (NS15-R1 to NS15-R4)

The system model defines seven identity levels for a selectable object. NS-15 fixes the identifier each level may carry and the records each level may bear.

LevelNameIdentifier the level may carryRecords allowed
0transient render picknone; a render-local handle that is never persistednone
1source-backed representationthe source's own stable id, cited with its source release NXS-GRX-SR-…@vnone
2candidate UNI representationa candidate subject key; never an allocated UNInone
3observed UNI representation resolutionan authority receipt naming an existing subject UNInone of its own
4durable UNI subjectNXS-<SCOPE>-SU[-<REGION>]-<SERIAL> (NS-3 record kind SU), allocated by the record allocation authority on authorized enrolmentcorrections (CR)
5passport-bound and chronotope-bound subjectthe SU UNI, a durable passport (section 2) and a chronotope version NXS-GRX-CT-…@vpassports, chronotopes, contexts (NS-9)
6risk-product-bearing subjectthe SU UNI and analytical product records NXS-GRX-AP-…@vrisk products, attestations (NS-11)
  • NS15-R1 A UNI shall be allocated to a subject only at level 4 and only through the record allocation authority (NS1-R2, NS-3); levels 0 to 3 never allocate. Vector-tile feature ids, feature.id, properties.id, tile-local indexes, loop indexes, array positions, geometry ordinals, display labels and nearby names shall not become a UNI or a candidate key.
  • NS15-R2 A level is a recorded fact, carried as identityLevel on the passport, and shall not be inferred from presentation. Escalation requires the receipt or enrolment that the level requires; de-escalation (quarantine on an identity conflict) is a correction record (CR), never a deletion.
  • NS15-R3 A clause (NS-10) shall bind only subjects at level 4 or higher; a policy that names lower levels is invalid.
  • NS15-R4 An attestation (NS-11) shall name the subject by its SU UNI, or by an NS-9 contextual UNI whose context.ofUni resolves to one; an attestation on a representation is REFUSED (reason SUBJECT_IDENTITY_LEVEL).
2

Object passports (NS15-R5 to NS15-R9)

The system model defines three passport levels and thirteen standard sections. NS-15 binds them to records.

Passport levelNatureIdentifierRecord
Rendered representation passportread-only, transient, source-backednone; carries the source id and the source release refnot a record
Investigative passport projectionread-only assembly from recordsnone; carries the UNIs of every record it assemblednot a record; its manifest is a digest
Durable object passportresolved by UNI, authorized by policy, versioned and correctablethe subject's SU UNI; the passport version is the record version @vNS-3 subject record versions

The thirteen sections (header and status; identity; location and geometry; classification; relationships; chronotope; data and evidence; dynamic risk state; science and methods; scenarios; policy and reliance; corrections; exports and interoperability) are the information architecture of every passport. NS-15 fixes the standards fields inside them:

SectionStandards fields
Identityuni (SU), identityLevel, representationRefs (source id and NXS-GRX-SR-…@v), contextUnis (NS-9 DP and PR records whose context.ofUni is this subject)
ClassificationobjectProfileId (section 3), domains and sectors from the registries
Relationshipstyped edges per section 4, each with the related UNI and the evidence record ref
ChronotopechronotopeManifest = NXS-GRX-CT-…@v
Data and evidenceevidenceManifest = record refs <recordUni>@<recordVersion> and digests (NS-3)
Dynamic risk statedynamicRiskStateRef = the ref of the risk-context envelope (section 8) and the latest NXS-GRX-AP-…@v
Science and methodsmethod and model cards as NXS-<SCOPE>-MD-… and engine descriptors (section 6)
Policy and reliancethe NS-10 policies bound to the subject (bindings), the latest NS-11 attestation per clause, the conformance level achieved and the policy decision ref
CorrectionscorrectionRefs = NXS-GRX-CR-…@v
Exports and interoperabilitythe NS-3b crosswalks (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O) and the NS-2 citation of the passport version
  • NS15-R5 A durable passport shall exist only for a subject at level 4 or higher; a rendered or investigative passport states durable: false and carries no UNI of its own.
  • NS15-R6 Every section shall be either filled from records or marked NOT_AVAILABLE with the reason; no section shall be filled from a display value.
  • NS15-R7 limitations is required and shall be non-empty on every durable passport version.
  • NS15-R8 The policy-and-reliance section shall show attestation results as recorded (PASS, FAIL, INDETERMINATE, NOT_APPLICABLE, REFUSED); it shall not render a score, badge or certificate (NS0-P8).
  • NS15-R9 A public-safe projection shall be a separate record version with its own digest; it omits restricted sections and states that it does so.
3

Object profiles (NS15-R10)

The system model specialises passports through profiles. NS-15 catalogues each profile as a schema artifact (NXS-GRX-SC-…) and fixes the id each subject carries as objectProfileId:

ProfileobjectProfileIdTypical NS-9 contexts
Building and facilitynexus.profile.buildinghost-city deployments
Road and transport segmentnexus.profile.transport-segmentcorridors
Business and organisationnexus.profile.organizationsector programmes
Natural featurenexus.profile.natural-featurebasins, ecosystems
Infrastructure assetnexus.profile.infrastructure-assetutilities
Projectnexus.profile.projectprogramme instances (PR)
Place and administrative areanexus.profile.placejurisdictions, M49 areas
Sensor and observation systemnexus.profile.sensorinstruments (OPS)
Hazard eventnexus.profile.hazard-eventwarning events (EWS)
Network and supply chainnexus.profile.networknetwork continuity (NET) and supply-chain programmes
  • NS15-R10 A profile id is a classification, not a name; a new profile shall be proposed under NS-13 and catalogued before any subject uses it.
4

Relationship classes and the hypergraph (NS15-R11 to NS15-R13)

The typed relationships of the system model are the edge vocabulary: identity and alias; part-of and contains; occupies and operates; owns (where lawful); located-in and intersects; depends-on and supplies; controls and mitigates; causes and contributes-to; exposed-to; vulnerable-to; observed-by; financed-by; insured-by (where authorized); regulated-by; affects; supersedes; derived-from; contradicts; validates; invalidates. NS-15 fixes:

  • NS15-R11 An edge shall name both ends by UNI (SU, DP, PR or a record UNI) and shall carry evidenceRef (<recordUni>@<recordVersion>), validFrom and validUntil, direction and, when applicable, probability, scenarioRef, disputed, capacity, threshold, commonCauseRef, substitutes and state (failure or recovery). A relationship among more than two parties is a hyperedge with an ordered participants list.
  • NS15-R12 supersedes, derived-from, contradicts, validates and invalidates are the only classes that a standards record (clause, policy, attestation, crosswalk) may use; validates and invalidates edges from an attestation to a subject shall be written by the NS-11 evaluator alone.
  • NS15-R13 A disputed edge shall be shown as disputed; it shall not be dropped to make a graph consistent (NS0-P8, NS0-P9).
5

Chronotopes (NS15-R14)

A chronotope version NXS-GRX-CT-…@v is the only record that fixes the time, space, knowledge and situation dimensions of a subject: valid, transaction, observation, acquisition and publication time, forecast issue and valid time, scenario, decision, execution, outcome and correction time; geometry version, spatial support, coordinate reference system and datum, boundary version, jurisdiction, worldview, coverage and resolution, positional uncertainty; source cut, evidence available, ontology version, model version, epistemic state, contradiction and dispute state, correction state; hazard, operational, dependency, control, policy, intervention and scenario state.

  • NS15-R14 Every NS-11 attestation and every NS-9 context whose validity depends on time or place shall carry chronotopeRef; an evaluation over records of different chronotopes is INDETERMINATE (reason CHRONOTOPE_MISMATCH) unless the clause declares the window that reconciles them.
6

Risk routes and risk engines (NS15-R15 to NS15-R18)

System-model objectNS-1 categoryScopeNotes
Risk method, risk modelMDGRX (or the functional class that owns it)method and model cards per NS-12
Risk engine descriptorSW (engine), with engineId as relatedIdentifiers[IsIdenticalTo]NXQlifecycle below
Risk pipelineWFGRX
Risk routeAP record NXS-GRX-AP-…@v, kind risk-routeGRXrouteUni is the UNI of this record
Risk productAP record, kind risk-productGRX
Risk capability packageSW, with a nexus-proposal.v1 record for intakeNXQpackaging interface as declared by the package
  • NS15-R15 The lifecycleState of an engine descriptor (DECLARED, SCAFFOLDED, IMPLEMENTED, CONNECTED, EVALUATED, ASSURED, DEPRECATED, QUARANTINED, RECALLED, RETIRED) is a recorded fact. ASSURED requires an NS-11 attestation chain with result PASS on the engine's validation and uncertainty-profile clauses, under a verified mandate. No other state shall be raised by an attestation.
  • NS15-R16 The policyDecisionRef of a risk route shall be a recorded policy decision of the implementation's trust authority; its excludedCandidates shall be kept with their exclusion reasons; the route record is append-only, and a re-route supersedes it.
  • NS15-R17 Numbered placeholder engines and generated wrappers that do not represent a distinct capability shall not be catalogued; a request to catalogue one is refused with ENGINE_NOT_DISTINCT.
  • NS15-R18 claimCeiling on every engine, route and product record shall follow the claim registry and shall not exceed INTEGRATED until the registry changes.
7

Cell-based intelligence (NS15-R19 to NS15-R21)

An implementation may organise intelligence over a discrete global grid (for example H3 cells): pins that mark cells of interest, indicator layers, frames that record a layer over cells at an instant, graphs, edges, runs and jobs. Such an implementation keys these objects by opaque internal identifiers.

  • NS15-R19 Opaque internal identifiers of cell-based intelligence shall remain internal keys; they shall not be shown as names and shall not replace a UNI.
  • NS15-R20 A pin that is durable and that its owner enrols as a subject shall receive an SU UNI through the record allocation authority and shall keep its internal identifiers as representationRefs; its cells (for example H3 indexes) are location, not identity.
  • NS15-R21 A frame is an observation record (OB) of one indicator layer over its cells at recordedAt; the composite value, its lower and upper bounds and riskState shall be presented as recorded, and a withheld composite (all values null) shall be shown as withheld.
8

Agent genomes and risk-context envelopes (NS15-R22 to NS15-R24)

  • NS15-R22 An agent genome (a declarative description of an agent with the sections apiVersion, kind, metadata, identity, niche, authority, tools, memory, chronotope, outputs, evaluation and limitations) shall be catalogued as a software artifact NXS-NXQ-SW-… with the NS-12 obligations. Its authority section names the mandate the agent acts under; an agent that evaluates a clause (NS-11) is an evaluator whose mandate is verified like any other, never a privileged one.
  • NS15-R23 A risk-context envelope (requester, purpose, subject kind and UNIs, spatial extent, temporal extent, chronotopeRef) is the request record of an evaluation or a risk route; it shall be digested into the evidence of the attestation or route, so that the question asked is as citable as the answer.
  • NS15-R24 subject.kind values (UNI, OBJECT, LOCATION, PROCESS, NETWORK, PORTFOLIO, ROUTE, SCENE, POPULATION, SYSTEM, MODEL, TECHNOLOGY) map to object profiles (section 3) or to NS-9 contexts; an envelope without a resolvable uniRefs entry evaluates at identity level 1 to 3 and yields no attestation (NS15-R4).

8a. Identity registries (NS15-R25)

  • NS15-R25 An implementation may operate a durable identity registry beside the NS-3 record allocation authority (for example a registry of namespaces, registrations, identity records, versions, acceptance receipts, quarantine events and integrity checkpoints). The two are bound and do not compete: the NS-1 UNI is the only public, citable identifier, and only the record allocation authority allocates it; the identity registry holds the evidence that a subject exists at identity level 4 to 6 (NS15-R1) and records the subject's SU UNI as its canonical key once one is allocated. The identity registry shall not mint an identifier in the NS-1 form, and the record allocation authority shall not store identity evidence. A registry record without an SU UNI is a candidate identity (level 1 to 3) and yields no passport.
9

Conformance (NS-14)

LevelRequirements
NS-15 BasicR1, R2, R5, R6, R7, R19
NS-15 StandardBasic, and R3, R4, R8, R11, R14, R15, R22
NS-15 FullStandard, and every remaining rule (including R25)

An implementation declares its level in registry/consumers.yaml. The declaration is SELF_DECLARED until NS-11 attestations under a verified mandate raise it to VERIFIED.

10

Record schema

schemas/nexus-subject-passport.v1.json is the standards envelope of a durable passport: the fields NS-15 fixes in section 2, the identity level, the profile id, the relationship edges (section 4) and the policy-and-reliance block. An implementation's own passport contract remains authoritative for everything else; the schema validates the envelope, not the science.

11

Open items

  • NS15-O1: whether SU UNIs for durable pins are allocated under GRX or under the functional class that owns the context in which the pin is used.
  • NS15-O2: the signing arrangement that turns a VERIFIED engine assurance into ATTESTED (NS-10 section 3).
  • NS15-O3: a crosswalk of the relationship classes to W3C PROV-O and to the OGC GeoSPARQL and CityGML relation vocabularies (an NS-14 register entry).
Δ

Changes between versions

One published version is available (0.1.0); a comparison between versions is shown once a second version is published.

Clause numbers follow the sections of the document; rule identifiers () are stable anchors. With script enabled, each clause and rule has a permalink and a machine-readable view (YAML and JSON), and the j and k keys move between clauses.

07System model and scenario simulator

System model and cascade scenario: NS-15 System model binding

A system model of the context of NS-15 built from the registry: 26 hazards, 17 systems, 10 sectors, 14 controls, 23 feeds, 17 indicators. The systems are no area lists NS-15; the areas of the NRS core and nexus-stream series, the systems it binds; the model shows where the records, data and controls that NS-15 governs sit in a cascade, and is not a reading of the standard's text. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments. The Map view places the same run on an example geography, Bangladesh, a region suited to the hazards named, with open data: Natural Earth boundaries, an H3 hexagon grid and NASA satellite layers for the initiating hazard. The geography serves exercises and training and is not an assessment of that place.

Hazards

  • Natech event
  • Heatwave
  • Windstorm
  • Dam failure
  • Financial contagion
  • Ice-jam flood
  • HIV epidemic
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Flash flood
  • Meteorological drought
  • Groundwater depletion
  • Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
  • Large forest disturbance (set off downstream)
  • Wildfire (set off downstream)
  • Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)
  • Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)
  • Agricultural drought (set off downstream)
  • Flash drought (set off downstream)
  • Snow drought (set off downstream)
  • Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)
  • Debris flow (set off downstream)
  • Hydrological drought (set off downstream)
  • Peat and underground fire (set off downstream)
  • Forest dieback (set off downstream)
  • Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)
  • Acute food crisis (set off downstream)

Controls

  • NS-0 Constitution and principles
  • NS-3 Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)
  • NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)
  • NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)
  • NS-1 The UNI and the artifact catalog (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)
  • NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
  • NS-14 Conformance and crosswalk to external standards
  • NS-3b Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)
  • NRS-H61 Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)
  • NRS-H62 Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)
  • NRS-H60 Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)
  • NRS-H48 Hazard family: Utility and communication network outage (NHS-1 infra.utilities)
  • NRS-H84 Hazard family: Energy system instability and shortfall (NHS-1 infra.energy)
  • NRS-H94 Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)

Observation

  • Copernicus EMS rapid mapping activations (listed for reference)
  • OpenStreetMap planet and replication (listed for reference)
  • ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) (listed for reference)
  • Global Power Plant Database (listed for reference)
  • NASA Black Marble night-time lights (VNP46) (listed for reference)
  • Ember electricity data (listed for reference)
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (listed for reference)
  • EIA Open Data API (listed for reference)
  • INFORM Risk Index (listed for reference)
  • World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)
  • IMF data services (WEO, IFS, FSI via SDMX) (listed for reference)
  • IPC acute food insecurity analyses (listed for reference)
  • FEWS NET outlooks and data (listed for reference)
  • CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)
  • FAO GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool (listed for reference)
  • ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)
  • WHO Disease Outbreak News (listed for reference)
  • WAHIS animal health events (listed for reference)
  • WorldPop gridded population (listed for reference)
  • USGS Water Data APIs (listed for reference)
  • GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)
  • GRACE/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage mascons (listed for reference)
  • Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas (listed for reference)
  • Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP
  • Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters
  • Proportion of population with access to electricity
  • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption
  • Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters
  • Macroeconomic Dashboard
  • Prevalence of undernourishment
  • Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES)
  • Indicator of food price anomalies
  • Direct agricultural loss attributed to disasters
  • International Health Regulations capacity and health emergency preparedness
  • Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution
  • Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
  • Number of destroyed or damaged health facilities attributed to disasters
  • Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
  • Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
  • Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Example geography

  • Bangladesh: 134 H3 hexagons at resolution 4
  • Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
  • Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS
  • Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
  • Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
08Research hub

Recent research on NS-15

Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.

Search termsdigital twin; systemic risk model; socio-technical system; system of systems; complex adaptive systems; Sendai Framework Monitor; UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profilescombined with: risk; resilience; infrastructure; model; modellingDerived from the subject of the standard and its rules, and the external standards of its crosswalk domains.

  • OpenAlexlisted for reference; not queried
  • Crossreflisted for reference; not queried
  • DataCitelisted for reference; not queried
  • Zenodolisted for reference; not queried
  • arXivlisted for reference; not queried
  • Europe PMClisted for reference; not queried
  • OpenAIRE Graphlisted for reference; not queried

No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.

09Source

NS-15 in the standards repository

The text, schemas, machine-readable files, registry rows, tests and history behind NS-15, on the main branch of the canonical repository. Text, registry, schemas and catalog are CC BY 4.0; tools and tests are Apache-2.0.

Source text

FileWhat it holdsLinks
standards/NS-15-system-model-binding.mdNXS-STD-ST-000014Raw · History · Suggest an edit
standards/INDEX.mdstatus and document of every standardHistory

Schemas

FileWhat it holdsLinks
schemas/nexus-subject-passport.v1.jsonNexus subject passport envelope (NS-15)Raw

Machine-readable files

FileWhat it holdsLinks
catalog/artifact-catalog.yamlcatalog records · 3 mentionsFirst mention, line 557

Registry rows

FileWhat it holdsLinks
registry/review-investigations.yamlCirculation for technical review and comment, and the technical review areas · 2 rows or mentionsLine 58
registry/consumers.yamlRegister of implementations of the Nexus Standards · 1 row or mentionsLine 20
registry/dags.yamlProcess and pipeline graphs rendered by the site's DAG component (nxs-dag) · 1 row or mentionsLine 270
registry/open-standards-stack.yamlOpen-standards and open-source stack under the UNI · 1 row or mentionsLine 102
registry/standard-packages.yamlStandard packages - one package per external open standard on nexustandards.com · 1 row or mentionsLine 181

Tests and validators

FileWhat it holdsLinks
tools/validate.mjstool or validatorLine 150

Change history

FileWhat it holdsLinks
Commits to the textevery change to the text·
CHANGELOG.mdnotable changes, by version·
release/manifest.jsonrelease manifest with file digestsin-toto statement
Releasestagged releases of the repository·

Propose a change

FileWhat it holdsLinks
Open a proposal on NS-15issue form: target, kind, rationale (NS-13)Template
Issue form: commentissue formTemplate
Issue form: errataissue formTemplate
Issues that mention NS-15open and closed·
Pull request templatewhat a change must carry: target, kind, rationale, validation·
CONTRIBUTING.mdpull requests, sign-off and checks·
GOVERNANCE.mdhow registry codes and texts change·
10Develop and take part

How NS-15 is developed, and how to take part

NS-15 is developed in the open under NS-13 (the stages and gates of NS-13). Working groups draft, councils decide the reserved matters, and anyone may propose a change, comment, submit an implementation report, object or appeal, without membership or fee.

11External standards

Relation to external standards

NS-15 relates to external standards by identifier, clause number and URL (NS14-R1), and directs the reader to the issuing body.

12Research

Recent research and sources

Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this standard, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.

Related standards and frameworks

Search terms, derived from the subject of the standard and its rules: digital twin; systemic risk model; socio-technical system; system of systems; complex adaptive systems; combined with: risk; resilience; infrastructure; model; modelling. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.

14Across the network

Programmes, tracks and courses for this standard

GCRI Canada and Risk Academy work on the subject of NS-15 in distinct roles (research and evidence; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.

15Questions

Questions and answers.

What is the status of NS-15?
NS-15 is proposed. It may be applied voluntarily; adoption follows last call and a decision of the Global Standards Council, and national adoption is decided by each National Standards Council.
What does applying NS-15 establish?
Applying NS-15 is a statement by the implementer, verifiable under NS-11 where machine-readable clauses exist.
How is a change to NS-15 proposed?
By a proposal naming NS-15, the section concerned and the rationale; it passes review and last call under NS-13.
NRNexus Reports gateway · GW-STD

Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.

Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Nexus Standards
Nexus Standards

Take part in the standards.

Governments, regulators, standards bodies, industry, academia and communities are invited to shape the catalogue ahead of its first official release, targeted for 2030: comment on a draft, propose a change, join a working group or host a field exercise.

Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.

Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. Third-party data, libraries and fonts keep their own licences: see Third-party notices.