Nexus Standards · Climate risk standards · Crosswalk

Climate risk

Climate risk: crosswalk to external standards

The external standards in the crosswalk domains of climate risk, from the register, with the relation of each to the Nexus Standards. Each row links to the issuing body, and each relation is evidenced by attestations identified by UNIs (Unique Nexus Identifier).

Back to Climate riskAll programme areas
01Canvas

The process.

Crosswalk graph · climate riskNexus Standards registry
Climate risk: crosswalk77 nodes on four orbits (Nexus Standards and implementing repositories at the centre, then domains, external standards and issuing bodies), joined by 102 recorded relations.
Nexus StandardsDomainsExternal standardsIssuing bodiesImplementing repositories

7 Nexus Standards · 4 domains · 37 external standards · 29 issuing bodies · 0 implementing repositories. Relations (adopt, profile, crosswalk, cite) are as recorded in the register; names and standards remain with their stewards.

Crosswalk graph77 nodes and 102 links from the registry of external standards, programme areas and implementations (registry/external-standards.yaml, registry/consumers.yaml. Relations (adopt, profile, crosswalk, cite) are shown as recorded in the register.

02Climate

Climate

12 register entries.

StandardBodyVersionRelationAccessVerified
IFRS S2 Climate-related DisclosuresInternational Sustainability Standards Board (IFRS Foundation)issued 26 June 2023; effective 1 January 2024crosswalkunknownunverified
GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting StandardWorld Resources Institute and WBCSD (GHG Protocol)Revised edition 2004; third edition under revision (progress update December 2025)citeopenverified
GHG Protocol Scope 2 GuidanceGHG Protocol2015; revision in progressciteopenverified
GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting StandardGHG Protocol2011; revision in progressciteopenunverified
ISO 14090:2019 Adaptation to climate change - Principles, requirements and guidelinesISO/TC 207/SC 72019compatibility profile (restricted)paywalledverified
ISO 14091:2021 Adaptation to climate change - Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessmentISO/TC 207/SC 72021compatibility profile (restricted)paywalledverified
NGFS long-term climate macro-financial scenariosNetwork for Greening the Financial SystemPhase V (5 November 2024); explanatory notes 7 November 2025citeopenunverified
SBTi Corporate Net-Zero StandardScience Based Targets initiativeV1.3 baseline; V2.0 criteria document dated June 2026 (effective dates UNVERIFIED)citeopenverified
INFORM Climate Change Risk Index - Concept and MethodologyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre2022 (JRC129896)citeopenverified
IPCC AR6 Working Group II - risk framing (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, response)Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeAR6 WGII (2022)adoptopenverified
GOOS Essential Ocean VariablesIOC-UNESCO Global Ocean Observing Systemcurrentadoptopenunverified
UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience (Global Goal on Adaptation)UNFCCC2023citeopenunverified

Unverified entries rest on a secondary source for at least one field, as indicated in the register.

03Canvas

Crosswalk evidence.

Canvas · crosswalk evidenceProcess diagram
Climate risk: how a relation to an external standard is evidencedRegister entries for the area by domain and relation. NS-14 specifies the evidence each relation requires and the form in which a claim may be displayed. Names and standards remain with their stewards.

Fig.Relations recorded for the area and the evidence NS-14 requires before a relation is displayed.

04Earth observation

Surface heat, rain, snow and ice worldwide

The map is framed on the world as context for climate risk. Shown at first: land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite (VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE) and precipitation rate, daily mean (GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC). The layer drawer adds snow cover (VIIRS NOAA-20 NDSI); sea ice concentration (GHRSST MUR); sea surface temperature anomaly (GHRSST MUR25); and water storage anomaly, monthly (GRACE-FO JPL mascons). NASA products are served through NASA GIBS under NASA's open data policy, with acknowledgement; coastlines, boundaries and place names come from NASA GIBS reference layers (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) and Natural Earth (public domain). Each layer shows its own observation date; full credits are given under the map. Other sources of the profile, such as ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) and CMIP6 climate projections (Copernicus Climate Data Store), are listed for reference.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

Climate signals

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Surface heat, rain, snow, sea ice, marine heat and water storage, each a dated satellite or model product, framed on World.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONETSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • GRACE and GRACE-FO JPL mascon solution, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program..
  • Optional layers (18 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Snow cover: VIIRS NOAA-20 NDSI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Sea ice concentration: GHRSST MUR, NASA JPL PO.DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Water storage anomaly, monthly: GRACE-FO JPL mascons, NASA JPL PO.DAAC · July 2022

05Disclosure and reporting

Disclosure and reporting

4 register entries.

StandardBodyVersionRelationAccessVerified
TCFD Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial DisclosuresFSB Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (disbanded October 2023)2017 recommendations; monitoring passed to ISSB from 2024citeopenunverified
IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial InformationInternational Sustainability Standards Board (IFRS Foundation)issued 26 June 2023; effective periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024crosswalkunknownunverified
Directive (EU) 2022/2464 (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive)European Parliament and Council2022; transposition by July 2024; Omnibus changes UNVERIFIEDciteopenverified
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 - European Sustainability Reporting Standards Set 1European Commission on EFRAG technical adviceSet 1 (Official Journal 22 December 2023; applies to financial years from 1 January 2024)crosswalkopenverified

Unverified entries rest on a secondary source for at least one field, as indicated in the register.

06Disaster risk reduction

Disaster risk reduction

8 register entries.

StandardBodyVersionRelationAccessVerified
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030UN Member States (Third UN World Conference on DRR); UNDRR custodian2015; seven targets, four prioritiescrosswalkopenverified
Sendai Framework Monitor (38 indicators)UNDRRonline since 2018; 38 indicators recommended by the open-ended intergovernmental expert working groupcrosswalkopenverified
UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs)UNDRR and International Science Council2025 update (4 June 2025): 282 hazards, 8 types, 39 clusters, machine-readable; 2021 original listed 302adoptopenverified
WMO Cataloguing of Hazardous Events (WMO-CHE)WMO (adopted by Congress 2019)2019 methodologycrosswalkopenverified
DELTA Resilience (Disaster and Hazardous Events, Losses and Damages Tracking and Analysis)UNDRR, UNDP and WMOsuccessor to DesInventar; launch status UNVERIFIEDcrosswalkopenunverified
INFORM Risk Index - Concept and MethodologyEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre with the Inter-Agency Standing CommitteeVersion 2017 (EUR 28655 EN, JRC106949); annual data releasesprofileopenverified
Risk Data Library Standard (RDLS)Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery0.2profileopenunverified
Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience in the Education Sector2022crosswalkopenunverified

Unverified entries rest on a secondary source for at least one field, as indicated in the register.

07Geospatial and Earth observation

Geospatial and Earth observation

13 register entries.

StandardBodyVersionRelationAccessVerified
ISO 19115-1:2014 Geographic information - Metadata - Part 1: FundamentalsISO/TC 2112014 with Amd 1:2018 and Amd 2:2020compatibility profile (restricted)paywalledverified
ISO 19157-1:2023 Geographic information - Data quality - Part 1: General requirementsISO/TC 2112023 (April 2023; replaces ISO 19157:2013)compatibility profile (restricted)paywalledverified
OGC API - Features - Part 1: CoreOpen Geospatial Consortium1.0.1 (17-069r4 corrigendum); Parts 2 and 3 also 1.0.1adoptopenverified
OGC API - Records - Part 1: CoreOpen Geospatial Consortium1.0 (20-004r1, International Standard)crosswalkopenunverified
SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specificationSTAC community; OGC Community Standard 25-0041.1.0 (OGC Community Standard); core text CC BY 4.0adoptopenverified
OGC GeoPackage Encoding StandardOpen Geospatial Consortium1.4.0 (12-128r19, 6 February 2024)citeopenverified
OGC SensorThings API Part 1: SensingOpen Geospatial Consortium1.1 (18-088); Part 2 Tasking Core 1.0; STAplus 1.0crosswalkopenunverified
RFC 7946 The GeoJSON FormatIETFProposed Standard (August 2016)adoptopenverified
UN-GGIM Integrated Geospatial Information Framework (IGIF)UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Managementnine strategic pathwaysciteopenunverified
International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) interoperability and performance workUN Office for Outer Space Affairscurrentciteopenunverified
OGC SensorML encoding standardOGC2.0adoptopenunverified
CCSDS space data system standardsConsultative Committee for Space Data Systemscurrentciteopenunverified
OGC GeoSPARQL - A Geographic Query Language for RDF DataOGC1.1adoptopenunverified

Unverified entries rest on a secondary source for at least one field, as indicated in the register.

08Relations

Relation types and their evidence

RelationMeaningEvidence
citeThe Nexus Standard refers to the external standard as context.Identifier, version and URL in the register.
profileThe Nexus Standard constrains or specialises an open external standard (for example STAC, DCAT, PROV-O, DataCite, CAP).Conformance tests against the external standard's own validator where one exists.
crosswalkElements of the external standard map to Nexus elements (clauses, record fields).A crosswalk table in the register entry; each row cites the external clause by number, never by text.
adoptThe Nexus Standards use the external standard as it is for a function (for example ISO 3166-1, SPDX, ORCID, ROR).Validation of values against the external scheme.
extendA Nexus Standard adds machine-readable, real-time or provenance elements that the external standard lacks.The extension is a Nexus clause or field; the external standard is cited as the baseline.
gapNo external standard covers the concern; a Nexus Standard specifies it.The gap statement in the landscape study.
09Questions

Questions and answers.

Does a crosswalk establish that a climate risk artifact conforms to these standards?
A crosswalk is a mapping. A relation is displayed as clauses derived from the external standard and their current results; any determination of conformity with an external standard rests with the body entitled to make it.
Why are some relations shown as compatibility profile (restricted)?
The standard is paywalled. Its text is not reproduced, and a compatibility profile of it is published only under an institutional arrangement with the issuing body.
Why are some entries marked unverified?
An unverified entry rests on a secondary source for at least one of name, body, version or year; NS14-R5 requires it to be shown as unverified.
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Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artifact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.

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