Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

8 min read0 figures7 tables21 notesNR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE.

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1France’s risk is coupled, not cumulative
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Hot, dry summer with low river flows
  8. 6Lenses and readings
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 National source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading, metropolitan regions and overseas territories
    4. B.4 Atlas card, the Rhône valley
    5. B.5 France system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Territorial GHG emissions369Mt CO₂e2024Reported1
Change since 1990−32%2024Reported1
2030 emissions target270Mt CO₂e2030Reported40
Low-carbon share of electricity≈95%2024Reported7
Nuclear output279TWh2022Reported25
Nuclear output≈362TWh2024Reported7
Warmest-year mean temperature14.5°C2022Reported8
Heat-attributable deaths3,700+deaths2024Reported4
Population68.6million1 Jan 2025Reported6
Agriculture share of water consumed≈58%recentReported12
Withdrawal reduction target10%2030Reported11
Share of EU agricultural output≈18%2024Reported23
Houses exposed to clay subsidence10.4million2021Reported21
Residents exposed to river flooding17.1millionrecentReported22
Natural-event claims≈10€ billion2022Reported13
Change in farmland birds≈−30%1989–2023Reported18
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2National source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
Table B.3National source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Secten emissions inventory1national inventory bodyFrance1990–2024annualCLI · ENE
High Council for the Climate3independent councilFrance2025annualCLI
Heat and health bulletins45public health agencyFrance2023–2024annualHLT
Demographic review6official statisticsFrance2024annualprofile
Electricity reviews725system operatorFrance2022–2024annualENE
Climate review8national meteorological servicemetropolitan France2022annualCLI
Water statistics12official statisticsFrancerecentperiodicWAT
Natural-event claims13insurance federationFrance2022annualFIN
CatNat review14public reinsurerFrance1982–2023periodicFIN
Clay and flood exposure2122ministry statisticsFrancerecentperiodicWAT · FIN
Agricultural accounts23EU statisticsEU2024annualFOO
Farmland birds18biodiversity observatoryFrance1989–2023annualBIO

B.3Regional reading, metropolitan regions and overseas territories

Map plates for each region and territory follow in Q2 2027. This page gives the regional reading in table form, and ranks no region.

Table B.4Regional reading, metropolitan regions and overseas territories
AreaPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Île-de-Franceheat, river floodinghealth, transport, housingheat4 · flood22
Hauts-de-France and Grand Estriver flooding, droughtagriculture, industryflood22
Brittany and Normandycoastal storms, erosioncoasts, agriculturenational plans9
Nouvelle-Aquitainewildfire, drought, clay subsidenceforests, housing, agriculture2022 fires20 · clay21
OccitanieMediterranean flash floods, drought, heatcommunities, agricultureflood22
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azurwildfire, heat, flash floodshealth, forests, tourismfires20
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpesheat, low flows, glacier lossnuclear cooling, hydro, healthpower25
Centre, Loire and Burgundydrought, clay subsidenceagriculture, housing, nuclear coolingclay21 · power25
Overseas territoriescyclones, sea-level rise, water shortagewater, housing, supply chainsMayotte, 202426

The leading compound pathway runs through the river basins where reactors, farms and cities share summer flows.

RHÔNE AND LOIRE

Rivers that cool reactors

Nouvelle-Aquitaine holds the 2022 Gironde fires and some of the highest clay subsidence exposure.

SOUTH-WEST

Fire and clay

Mayotte after Cyclone Chido shows how cyclones, water shortage and supply disruption combine.

OVERSEAS

Cyclones and water

B.4Atlas card, the Rhône valley

  • river basin
  • nuclear cooling
  • irrigation
  • metropolitan area
Systems in view
water, energy, food, health
Defining events
the 2003 heatwave39; low flows and output cuts in summer 202225
Couplings
WAT → ENE reactor cooling; WAT → FOO irrigation; CLI → HLT heat in Lyon
Capability evidence
heatwave vigilance and drought restrictions used in real events
Gaps
summer flow allocation between uses; heat surge capacity
Agenda items
A-01 · A-03 · A-04

Several reactors draw cooling water from the Rhône; discharge-temperature limits can force output cuts in heatwaves [25].

ENERGY

Reactors on the river

Farms in the lower valley depend on the same summer flows for irrigation.

FOOD

Irrigation downstream

Lyon and the valley’s towns face some of France’s hottest summer temperatures, with older residents most exposed [4].

HEALTH

Heat in the city

B.5France system card

The card through which France appears in the Europe regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5France system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Watersummer flows shared by three usesdrought into energy and foodGOOD
Energyabout 95% low-carbon powercooling limits in heatGOOD
Foodlargest EU agricultural producerdrought and heatGOOD
Healthheat deaths concentrated among older peopleheat and care capacityGOOD
Biodiversityfarmland species declininghabitat and wildfireGOOD

The France card sits beside its neighbours; electricity trade, rivers and food markets are read as one regional system.

EUROPE REGIONAL EDITION

One regional system

French evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Same findings, same IDs

In the global edition France is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

Context

Archetype
high-income republic with metropolitan and overseas territories
Population
68.6 million (1 January 2025)6
Emissions
32% below 1990 (2024)1
Electricity
about 95% low-carbon (2024)7

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site16 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-FRA-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references.

  1. 1Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz à effet de serre et polluants atmosphériques : bilan des émissions en France de 1990 à 2024, édition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.back
  2. 40Ministère de la Transition écologique (ed.), Stratégie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisième stratégie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024–2025.back
  3. 7RTE (ed.), Bilan électrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.back
  4. 25RTE (ed.), Bilan électrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.back
  5. 8Météo-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l’année 2022 en France. Météo-France, Saint-Mandé, January 2023.back
  6. 4Santé publique France (ed.), Chaleur et santé : bilan de l’été 2024. Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.back
  7. 6INSEE (ed.), Bilan démographique 2024. INSEE, Paris, January 2025.back
  8. 12SDES (ed.), L’environnement en France : prélèvements et consommations d’eau. Service des données et études statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.back
  9. 11Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d’action pour une gestion résiliente et concertée de l’eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.back
  10. 23Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.back
  11. 21CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement très exposées. Ministère de la Transition écologique, Paris, 2021.back
  12. 22CGDD (ed.), Évaluation préliminaire des risques d’inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par débordement de cours d’eau. Ministère de la Transition écologique, Paris.back
  13. 13France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des événements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.back
  14. 18Observatoire national de la biodiversité (ed.), « Évolution des populations d’oiseaux communs spécialistes des milieux agricoles. » ONB–OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.back
  15. 3Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.back
  16. 5Santé publique France (ed.), Heat Waves and Health. Public Health Bulletin: A Review of Summer 2023. Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, February 2024.back
  17. 14Caisse centrale de réassurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982–2023. CCR, Paris, 2024.back
  18. 9Ministère de la Transition écologique (ed.), Troisième plan national d’adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.back
  19. 20J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.back
  20. 26Gouvernement (ed.), « Cyclone Chido à Mayotte » : communiqués et bilan, December 2024 – January 2025. Paris.back
  21. 39J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., “Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,” Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171–178, 2008.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In France Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of France’s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report.

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