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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Canada Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of Canada\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CAN<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Canada 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of Canada\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-CAN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Canada <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Canada\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Canada\u2019s risk is coupled, not cumulative<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Western heat, drought and fire year<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Lenses and readings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Canada enters 2027 with electricity that is largely non-emitting, an oil and gas sector that still produced 30% of national emissions in 2024, a freshwater endowment that is vast in total but thin where people live, and a hazard regime in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a>, hail, flood and ice storms now set the pace of losses. National emissions were 685 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 10.3% below 2005 and almost unchanged on 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Insured catastrophe losses reached a record C$9.1 billion in 2024, then C$2.4 billion in 2025, a year with 17 declared catastrophes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for Canada\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the dependencies through which shocks travel between them, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. It ranks nothing and decides nothing. It establishes where the evidence stands, what remains uncertain and what to watch.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">685 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 10.3% below 2005, and 227\u2013265 Mt above the 2030 target range.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insured severe-weather losses rose from C$14 billion (2006\u20132015) to C$37 billion (2016\u20132025); 2024 set the record at C$9.1 billion.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Are disaster losses rising?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insurance has covered about 54% of societal catastrophe losses over 43 years; households, businesses and governments carry the rest.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who bears the losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Heat, drought and fire together, through hydro supply, heat and smoke health loads, crop yields and rail operations.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Which hazard couples the most <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span>.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 60% of generation is hydro, so a multi-year drought is an energy-security risk, not only a water one.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How dependent is electricity on water?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">13.7% of land and 14.7% of marine territory conserved in 2023, against 30% by 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where is the nature gap?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Trade with the United States, which takes about three-quarters of goods exports; the 2026 CUSMA joint review sets the 2027 path.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What is the main economic shock channel?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span>.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The Western Canada compound pathway: heat and drought through hydro, smoke and rail into health and food logistics. SCN-CAN-HDF-01.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insurance has covered about 54% of societal catastrophe losses in Canada over 43 years; in 2025, C$1.0 billion of C$3.4 billion in societal losses was uninsured.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-fig1-t\">Societal catastrophe losses, 2025 (C$ billion)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Insured<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Uninsured<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"41.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: CatIQ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; ICLR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Where cover is thin, overland flood in high-risk areas, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> at the urban edge, and much public infrastructure, losses move onto household balance sheets and into public budgets through disaster assistance. A rising loss trend with a steady uninsured share means a rising absolute burden on both<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">41.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.79<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>land area<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22489<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world\u2019s forests<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224883<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>electricity from non-emitting sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u2248\u2153<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>of world potash output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">12.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">% GDP<\/span><p>health spending, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Canadian risk.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most Canadians risk arrives as a smoke-filled summer, a flooded basement or a higher premium.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. A persistent protection gap, climate-risk supervision for federally regulated institutions and scenario practice already piloted with the central bank show where finance-readiness evidence will be needed.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Canada\u2019s baseline is strong in observation and thin in tested cross-system capability.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Canada\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanadian international merchandise trade: annual review 2024.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>Global Affairs Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2013United States\u2013Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): joint review.\u201d GAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2019s population estimates, first quarter 2025.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), Census of Population, 2021. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The State of Canada\u2019s Forests: Annual Report 2024. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. USGS, Reston, VA, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Canada\u2019s risk is coupled, not cumulative<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no province or territory.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Canada\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Canada\u2019s exposure is usually described one hazard at a time: a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season, a flood, a heat wave, a drought. This baseline reads the record the other way round. The events that set the loss record in 2024, the Calgary hailstorm, the floods left by the remnants of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Hurricane<\/a> Debby in Quebec, the Jasper <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> and the flash floods in the Greater Toronto Area, struck different <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in the same summer, and drew on the same insurers, emergency services and public budgets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Insured catastrophe losses reached C$9.1 billion in 2024, then fell to C$2.4 billion in 2025. The lower total hides a busier year: seventeen catastrophes were declared, tying the second-highest count on record, and 2025 ranked first for fire catastrophes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Frequency, more than any single severe event, now drives the record. Over the past decade insured severe-weather losses totalled C$37 billion, against C$14 billion in the decade before<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The losses are unevenly carried. Over forty-three years insurance has covered about 54% of societal catastrophe losses; the remainder falls on households, businesses and governments, and the long-run loss trend is rising by about 9% a year after inflation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. For flood, the federal task force on flood insurance found that the households most at risk were often the least able to find affordable cover<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Beneath the losses sits a forcing layer that moves faster than the global average. Canada warmed by about 1.7 \u00b0C between 1948 and 2016, roughly twice the global rate, and the North by more<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The 2021 heat dome killed 619 people in British Columbia, the deadliest weather event in the country\u2019s history<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The 2023 fire season burned more than 15 million hectares and emptied almost all of Yellowknife<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>These hazards do not stay in their sector. About 60% of Canada\u2019s electricity is hydro, so a dry year is an energy event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. The 2021 drought and heat cut Prairie canola output by about a third and wheat by more<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. Smoke turns a fire season into a public-health season in cities far from the flames<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>, and the corridors that carry grain, potash and energy to market cross terrain that burns and floods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore treats risk as a property of the couplings between systems rather than a list of hazards. The dependency matrix, the risk objects, the capability ladder and the compound scenario that follow all ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig1-t\">Where do Canada\u2019s emissions come from? National GHG emissions by sector, 2024 (Mt CO\u2082e)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Oil and gas and transport together account for more than half of national emissions (52%). Electricity, already largely non-emitting, is the smallest of the named sectors; buildings, heavy industry and waste make up most of the remainder<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Oil and gas<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">208<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Transport<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"72.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">151<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Agriculture<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"33.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">70<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Electricity<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"24.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">50<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">All other sectors<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"99.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">206<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">105<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>methane, 2024, lowest on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>oil and gas share of the national total<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">t CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions per person, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u221248<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>emissions per unit of GDP since 1990<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Canada matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"rZbbjto6FIZfxcp1MIlzIKkSpKk2Pai7HU33SHPtiR2wMDayTVP2i\/W+T1Y5ARIOzXC6QRCWWB+\/v2U7W2IzAwXHWueOUMsBJVPqAIINHlS589\/z98dvHx1AcuerP\/Kg5wYJ9MATCkcwdOMARgClEYxcH6UQOUAbJed0UDFiZrmDYOSMM8MMp+MXbKgCRoKJoGq6fgd0\/dMQzNZESaBXyyVfZ8OmOBtarHF2PZzn+mEEPWDfxy4axTA5i+6DlKRlY0qxKTZMCvD7F1CYiUFJCVgzysllrF8f\/5l8f3ieHNP6cQpD174mIEUwPA3rQ3SC9hPF3MzegcXm1yEgiok5E1NQ2Zr75OkjHyau7wVwBMLwosV+zyRhP6jSzHSWvOSy0jbRihqOBdG3ZNnxDzwhP4Fog9r+hd4wGx8tbE3dDXO5Wixtlr9\/AaMoNgsqzPWR7oOmEUQu8j04OtfRFnRf0nJFuUUsqTKMM02V\/VRITkAxw0zci9ivKYMIRj2engbeerpDxgXjzKzBUlZbXMmZmN5NhGbx69nqcfYvIuxb2\/qgqKbqh2SqlteaC1aa3sTcLn3DHG92gjPltSacVLdiZkYUrjCvWcXKKEaFuXDSXiYPX06AojCx4aYRDPq2f3\/3gGA9w0rhde4EIDyi3x4J1eThCwSvTNZKl5QSbWQxv0Hgw3g9N\/B8GJ8p8JbvUN86ze2pUNoijUtq1vcCRTVdPWnn7bdb0NPbbS1qIUX9hRTXKtBmBp7SYHfC9pj61vo3uXb8bQSopJqXUhX0HqQWL3Tta3STqy3rvq1Xwu5vA4fAnosi1H972dsGWrjmaGj3AY5f5areYQnTFOu7ZBqGMNmcXT176\/mJ7mvb5KqoZmRF9fUz1aKBpxTBuLmu\/l3X7kB1iTp+bidK0emK7+6FJeNG1Z9ucaCL20AmqVWgx9muAofEW0tbFUqmKJACcCZofSi8MrnA+k4J22Mr3s7ZeReaQ+T9a81Scs7ELmQtGdf3yjdFu\/PrzCv3Ievxzft\/KYXUTbJ6IedHkzbtkgpJqDPOCqYKTkHxM3fqNXdAYaektlPlDoqd4Tgz9KcBbcU6d0Jk39jnAyyKmVS5s2CEcOqMXx6es6H9ZpwNp282re1qmm4UO+q6KbEVQWArTradfJtc0tYK0rTdRH\/ctimxFYlnK062\/fD4eEFbu9b9XZuKN5p++veSiK13\/Qk3FW8E\/P5z95\/+AQ==\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro supply<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>flows<\/code> \u00b7 <code>wetlands<\/code><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>pumping<\/code> \u00b7 <code>treatment<\/code><\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>withdrawals<\/code> \u00b7 <code>nutrients<\/code><\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>labour<\/code> \u00b7 <code>disease<\/code><\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>regulation<\/code> \u00b7 <code>filtration<\/code><\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>pollination<\/code> \u00b7 <code>soils<\/code><\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><code>zoonoses<\/code> \u00b7 <code>smoke<\/code><\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A dry year cuts hydro; heat raises peak demand; care settings need power and cooling.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2021 heat dome<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A fire season sends smoke over distant cities for weeks.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2023 fire season<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO \u2192 TRD<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought cuts yields and export volumes.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2021 Prairie drought<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Flood or fire cuts rail links to ports.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2021 BC floods<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Fuel and fertiliser costs pass into food prices.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2022 price shock<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: <code>flows<\/code> \u00b7 <code>wetlands<\/code><\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: <code>regulation<\/code> \u00b7 <code>filtration<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: <code>pollination<\/code> \u00b7 <code>soils<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cInsured losses from Calgary hailstorm reach $3.25 billion.\u201d IBC, Toronto, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>P. Berry and R. Schnitter (eds.), Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Transport Canada (ed.), Action. Collaboration. Transformation. Final report of the National Supply Chain Task Force. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c1-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Greenhouse gas emissions. ECCC, Gatineau, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c1-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insurance has covered about 54% of societal catastrophe losses in Canada over 43 years; in 2025, C$1.0 billion of C$3.4 billion in societal losses was uninsured.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-fig1-t\">Societal catastrophe losses, 2025 (C$ billion)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Insured<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Uninsured<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"41.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: CatIQ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; ICLR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Where cover is thin, overland flood in high-risk areas, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> at the urban edge, and much public infrastructure, losses move onto household balance sheets and into public budgets through disaster assistance. A rising loss trend with a steady uninsured share means a rising absolute burden on both<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Provincial loss splits (agenda item A-03), the design of a national flood insurance arrangement, and the 2026 and 2027 loss years would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">National GHG emissions were 685 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024: 10.3% below 2005 and 0.3% below 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Canada has warmed at about twice the global rate (1.7 \u00b0C, 1948\u20132016), and northern Canada faster still.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season burned more than 15 million hectares, the largest on record, and 2025 led the record for fire catastrophes declared.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Insured catastrophe losses reached a record C$9.1 billion in 2024, then C$2.4 billion in 2025, with 17 catastrophes declared.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Insurance has covered about 54% of societal catastrophe losses over 43 years; the long-run loss trend is rising by about 9% a year after inflation.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Oil and gas remained the largest emitting sector (208 Mt, 30%, up 1.8%), while methane fell to its lowest level on record (105 Mt CO\u2082e).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Electricity emitted 50 Mt CO\u2082e (7.2%). Hydro\u2019s dominance makes multi-year drought a direct risk to supply and to exports.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Canada holds about 7% of the world\u2019s renewable freshwater; most of it drains north, away from population and agriculture.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2021 heat dome caused 619 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">heat-related deaths<\/a> in British Columbia, establishing heat as a first-order health\u2013power coupling.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Protected and conserved areas covered 13.7% of land and 14.7% of marine territory in 2023, against a 30% target for 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Trade<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About three-quarters of goods exports go to the United States, so trade policy is the main channel for economic shocks in 2026\u20132027.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing runs from heat and drought through hydro shortfall, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> smoke and rail disruption into health and food logistics in Western Canada. \u00a79.3.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), \u201cWater sources: water availability in Canada.\u201d ECCC, Gatineau, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanadian international merchandise trade: annual review 2024.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Share of the world\u2019s renewable freshwater<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22487<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Canada holds about a fifth of the world\u2019s fresh surface water, but most of it flows north, away from where people live.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>long-run mean<\/span><span>ECCC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Electricity-sector emissions<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">50<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>7.2% of the national total. Hydro\u2019s share of generation makes drought an energy risk.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>NIR 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Agriculture-sector emissions<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">70<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>10% of the national total; up 1.0% on 2023 with higher fertiliser use.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>NIR 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Heat-related deaths, 2021 heat dome (BC)<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">619<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>The deadliest weather event in Canadian history, and the reference case for heat\u2013health\u2013power coupling.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2021<\/span><span>BC Coroners<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Land in protected and conserved areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">13.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Against the 30% by 2030 target of the Kunming-Montreal framework; marine share 14.7%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>ECCC CESI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Insured catastrophe losses<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">9.1 \u00b7 2.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">C$ bn<\/span><p>2024 record, then 2025. Insurance covers about 54% of societal catastrophe losses.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024 \u00b7 2025<\/span><span>CatIQ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 ICLR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span>.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the baseline evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Abundant in total, scarce where people and farms are; drought on the Prairies and in southern British Columbia is the binding stress.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE hydro \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Low-emitting power; emissions concentrated in oil and gas; hydro output exposed to dry years.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2194 WAT \u00b7 ENE \u2192 FOO inputs<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>A major exporter of grains, oilseeds and potash; yields swing with Prairie drought.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, ENE \u00b7 FOO \u2192 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and smoke now load the health system each season; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 one-health\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated approach that recognises the health of people, animals, plants and ecosystems as interdependent and manages risks across them together.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">One Health<\/a> signals include H5N1 in poultry and a domestic human case in 2024.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE, BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Vast forest and freshwater ecosystems; conservation at about half of the 2030 target.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2192 WAT regulation \u00b7 BIO \u2190 fire<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Warming at about twice the global rate; fire, heat, flood and ice storms set the loss record.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all five systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Long, thin corridors carry trade; gateways have shown capacity and continuity limits.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 TRD, FOO, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Insured losses rising; about 46% of societal losses uninsured; climate-risk supervision in place for federally regulated institutions.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI \u00b7 FIN \u2192 households, provinces<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital and data dependencies of the five systems are not yet mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, HLT, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Compute and data-centre growth adds new electricity and water demand; national figures are not yet consolidated.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>34 critical minerals listed; processing and refining capacity is the binding constraint.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 ENE transition \u00b7 MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>About three-quarters of goods exports go to the United States; the 2025 tariffs and the 2026 review set the channel.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all sectors<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>coupled losses across perils; frequency rising<\/td><td>compound heat\u2013drought\u2013fire years<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>large endowment, uneven access; long-term advisories persist on some First Nations <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Prairie and southern BC drought<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>about 60% hydro and 83% non-emitting power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>dry years; peak demand in heat and cold<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and agrifood<\/td><td>grain, oilseed and potash exporter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought yield shocks; rail and port continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>spending at 12.4% of GDP in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, smoke and zoonotic spillover<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>insured losses rising; about 54% of losses covered<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> insurability<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>service gaps in remote and northern communities<\/td><td>fuel, food and water supply to remote areas<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warming at about twice the global rate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire weather, heat, extreme rainfall<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>17 catastrophes declared in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>concurrent events straining response<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>long, thin trade corridors<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flood and fire on rail and road links<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>growth concentrated in a few metropolitan regions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>pluvial flooding; heat in dense neighbourhoods<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>13.7% of land and 14.7% of marine areas conserved<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">habitat loss<\/a>, invasive species<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>established national EO and monitoring programmes<\/td><td>data continuity and integration<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not yet mapped<\/td><td>concentration in networks and cloud<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy and institutions<\/td><td>national adaptation strategy adopted in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across jurisdictions<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science and engineering<\/td><td>deep research base<\/td><td>translation into operations<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), \u201cWater sources: water availability in Canada.\u201d ECCC, Gatineau, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Indigenous Services Canada (ed.), \u201cEnding long-term drinking water advisories.\u201d ISC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. USGS, Reston, VA, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Public Health Agency of Canada (ed.), \u201cAvian influenza A(H5N1): current situation summary.\u201d PHAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Transport Canada (ed.), Action. Collaboration. Transformation. Final report of the National Supply Chain Task Force. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), Census of Population, 2021. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s National Adaptation Strategy: Building Resilient Communities and a Strong Economy. ECCC, Gatineau, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>8 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CAN-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Compound wildfire, smoke and heat season<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>longer fire seasons; heat; drought<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>communities at the wildland\u2013urban edge; city populations under smoke<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>older adults, outdoor workers, people with chronic illness; single-access towns<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>interagency fire mutual aid; public alerting; clean-air spaces<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE cooling load<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal \u00b7 1 and 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CAN-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Multi-year drought in western Canada<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>low snowpack; heat; low summer flows<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>Prairie agriculture; western hydro; municipal supply<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>rain-fed farms; reservoir-limited <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>drought monitoring; crop insurance; interties and imports<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO \u2192 TRD<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20133 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CAN-CLI-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Pluvial and riverine flooding in cities and corridors<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>extreme rainfall; atmospheric rivers; snowmelt<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>basements and networks in large cities; rail and road links<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>older drainage; high-risk households with thin cover<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>flood mapping; disaster assistance; insurance<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CAN-TRD-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Trade-terms shock to integrated supply chains<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>tariffs; the 2026 CUSMA joint review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>autos, steel and aluminium, energy, agri-food<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>concentration of export markets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>trade diversification; fiscal measures<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 FIN \u2192 households<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: <code>listed<\/code>, <code>exists<\/code>, <code>demonstrated<\/code>, <code>tested<\/code><\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>codes, flood mapping and land-use rules vary by province and municipality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>national hydrometric, weather, fire-weather and Earth-observation programmes in continuous use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>wireless public alerting in use for real events since 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>a national risk profile published in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; provincial plans<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>reserve and redundancy policies are not consolidated nationally<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>interprovincial and international <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> mutual aid in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>sector plans exist; tested continuity evidence is limited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>federal disaster financial assistance and provincial programmes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national adaptation strategy adopted in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td><code>income-support<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in place; disaster-specific coverage uneven<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>private cover for most perils; flood cover gap under federal study<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>federal\u2013provincial\u2013territorial frameworks, tested event by event<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>core public infrastructure condition varies widely by asset class<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>emergency and health workforce pressures documented; surge depth unknown<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>deep national research base; translation into operations uneven<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>Global Affairs Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2013United States\u2013Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): joint review.\u201d GAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanadian international merchandise trade: annual review 2024.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (ed.), Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2017-91: Implementation of the National Public Alerting System by wireless service providers. CRTC, Ottawa, 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), National Risk Profile: A national emergency preparedness and awareness tool, first public report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Canadian Interagency <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Forest Fire<\/a> Centre (ed.), National wildland fire situation reports, 2023\u20132025. CIFFC, Winnipeg, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s National Adaptation Strategy: Building Resilient Communities and a Strong Economy. ECCC, Gatineau, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c4-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Federation of Canadian Municipalities et al. (eds.), Canadian Infrastructure Report Card 2019: Monitoring the State of Canada\u2019s Core Public Infrastructure. Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Western heat, drought and fire year<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a second consecutive low-snowpack winter in British Columbia and Alberta; a heat dome of 2021 magnitude in late June; an early and intense fire season<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>2021 heat dome and Prairie drought; 2023 fire season<\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low snowpack and heat cut summer flows and reservoir inflow.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2023 low water<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">lower hydro output; imports at peak prices<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2023\u20132024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat deaths and emergency visits; cooling in care settings.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2021 heat dome<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">smoke over Prairie and BC cities for weeks.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2023 season<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">canola and wheat yields fall by a third or more.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2021 drought<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">fire and heat slow rail operations; export delays.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2021 \u00b7 2023<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01 would travel through Canada&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low snowpack and heat cut summer flows and reservoir inflow. Analogue or source: 2023 low water.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Water to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Lower hydro output; imports at peak prices. Analogue or source: 2023\u20132024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat deaths and emergency visits; cooling in care settings. Analogue or source: 2021 heat dome [6].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Biodiversity to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Smoke over Prairie and BC cities for weeks. Analogue or source: 2023 season [10].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Water to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Canola and wheat yields fall by a third or more. Analogue or source: 2021 drought [20].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Climate to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Fire and heat slow rail operations; export delays. Analogue or source: 2021 \u00b7 2023.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CAN, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Canada 2026, scenario SCN-CAN-HDF-01<\/a> (2026); Canada 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c5-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Lenses and readings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>37 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Canadian risk. Losses are rising in trend and driven by frequency across perils; electricity, food and health share a dependence on water and heat. The evidence is strongest for losses and emissions, and weakest for digital and cross-system dependencies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-002 \u00b7 FIN-003 \u00b7 ENE-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most Canadians risk arrives as a smoke-filled summer, a flooded basement or a higher premium. The baseline asks that these be read as one system, so that public debate is about the couplings, and about who carries the uninsured share.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-008 \u00b7 CLI-010 \u00b7 FIN-003<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. A persistent protection gap, climate-risk supervision for federally regulated institutions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup> and scenario practice already piloted with the central bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup> show where finance-readiness evidence will be needed. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-002 \u00b7 FIN-003 \u00b7 TRD-011<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Canada\u2019s baseline is strong in observation and thin in tested cross-system capability. The 2027 programme should build the dependency graph first, test the western compound pathway, and measure the protection gap where it lands.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-03<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> \u00b7 2030 NDC, 40\u201345% below 2005<\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 Canada<\/td><td>international \u00b7 national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>emissions gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 NDC, 45\u201350% below 2005<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework, Decision 15\/4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30% by 2030<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guideline B-15: Climate Risk Management<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OSFI<\/td><td>federally regulated institutions<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 PHASED<\/td><td>finance readiness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CSDS 1 and CSDS 2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CSSB<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Telecom Regulatory Policy 2017-91<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CRTC<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>public alerting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Building Code of Canada 2020<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NRC<\/td><td>model code<\/td><td>ADOPTED BY PROVINCES<\/td><td>building resilience<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CUSMA joint review, Article 34.7<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CUSMA parties<\/td><td>trilateral<\/td><td>REVIEW 2026<\/td><td>trade channel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Canada submitted a 2035 target of 45\u201350% below 2005<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The CSSB published the first Canadian sustainability disclosure standards<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>OSFI\u2019s climate-risk guideline entered its phased implementation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The outcome of the CUSMA joint review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The design of a national flood insurance arrangement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The April 2027 National Inventory Report and its revisions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">For decades Canadian disaster risk was told through single catastrophes, 1998, 2013, 2016. The record since 2016 reads differently. Losses have nearly tripled by decade, and 2025 showed that a year without one dominant event can still be one of the busiest on record. Planning for the largest event is no longer enough: systems must absorb many medium events in close succession, often in different provinces in the same season.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Frequency is the new severity<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A grid that is about 60% hydro is low-carbon and drought-exposed at once. Dry years cut output, raise imports and shrink export revenue just as heat raises demand. As electrification grows and data centres add load, water becomes a binding constraint on the energy transition. Reservoir storage, snowpack and inflow belong on the energy dashboard as much as on the water one.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Water is Canada\u2019s energy question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Wildfire smoke now reaches millions of people far from any fire, for weeks at a time. It arrives in the same months as heat and in the same cities whose emergency departments are already stretched. Treating fire as a forestry problem and smoke as an air-quality advisory understates the coupling; this edition treats the fire season as a public-health season with its own surge planning.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Smoke is a health-system event<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">When insurance covers about half of catastrophe losses, the other half does not disappear. It lands on households, small firms, municipalities, provinces and federal disaster assistance, often years later, and without a dedicated line in any budget. Measuring where the uninsured share lands, by peril and province, is the first step towards deciding who should carry it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>The protection gap is a fiscal question<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 seven proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Canada\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; federal and provincial releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound-event reading<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jain et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>2023 fire-season drivers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flannigan et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>fire\u2013climate trend<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buldyrev et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2010<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>cascade logic of the matrix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bush and Lemmen (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>warming rate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warren and Lulham (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>national issues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Berry and Schnitter (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat and smoke health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>National Risk Profile<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Public Safety Canada<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>capability ladder<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Adaptation Strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ECCC<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>adaptation rung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Damage Control<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Canadian Climate Institute<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>cost of impacts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood insurance task force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Public Safety Canada<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supply Chain Task Force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Transport Canada<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>corridor fragility<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate scenario pilot<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Bank of Canada \u00b7 OSFI<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>capital lens<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry and loss data<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Annual catastrophe summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CatIQ<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>insured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Societal loss estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ICLR<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>uninsured share<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Severe-weather losses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IBC<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>decade totals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calgary hailstorm<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IBC<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>event scale<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fort McMurray <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IBC<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>event scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards, regulation and national official sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Guideline B-15<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OSFI<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>finance supervision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Public alerting policy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CRTC<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>early-warning rung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Inventory Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ECCC<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Environmental indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ECCC<\/td><td>2024\u201326<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><code>conservation<\/code>, <code>intensity<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and crops<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Statistics Canada<\/td><td>2021\u201325<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><code>profile<\/code>, <code>drought<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health expenditure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CIHI<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>health profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forests and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NRCan<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>fire season, forests<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Insured losses are rising in trend, driven by frequency across perils<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Canada is warming at about twice the global rate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Heat and smoke are first-order health hazards<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How much of each event\u2019s loss is attributable to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a><\/li><li>How uninsured losses are estimated, and how public-infrastructure losses are counted<\/li><li>How often multi-year drought will recur in the West at each warming level<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (ed.), Guideline B-15: Climate Risk Management. OSFI, Ottawa, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Bank of Canada and Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (eds.), Using Scenario Analysis to Assess Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 transition-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk arising from the shift to a low-emission economy, through policy, law, technology, markets and reputation, which can reprice assets and change business models.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Transition Risk<\/a>: Final Report of the BoC\u2013OSFI Climate Scenario Analysis Pilot. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>Government of Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution under the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. Submission to the UNFCCC, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>Canadian Sustainability Standards Board (ed.), Canadian Sustainability Disclosure Standards CSDS 1 and CSDS 2. CSSB, Toronto, December 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (ed.), Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2017-91: Implementation of the National Public Alerting System by wireless service providers. CRTC, Ottawa, 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>National Research Council Canada (ed.), National Building Code of Canada 2020. NRC, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>Global Affairs Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2013United States\u2013Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): joint review.\u201d GAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>P. Jain, Q. E. Barber, S. W. Taylor et al., \u201cDrivers and impacts of the record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season in Canada,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 15, art. 6764, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>M. D. Flannigan, M. A. Krawchuk, W. J. de Groot, B. M. Wotton and L. M. Gowman, \u201cImplications of changing climate for global wildland fire,\u201d International Journal of Wildland Fire, vol. 18, pp. 483\u2013507, 2009.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>S. V. Buldyrev, R. Parshani, G. Paul, H. E. Stanley and S. Havlin, \u201cCatastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks,\u201d Nature, vol. 464, pp. 1025\u20131028, 2010.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>F. J. Warren and N. Lulham (eds.), Canada in a Changing Climate: National Issues Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>P. Berry and R. Schnitter (eds.), Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), National Risk Profile: A national emergency preparedness and awareness tool, first public report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s National Adaptation Strategy: Building Resilient Communities and a Strong Economy. ECCC, Gatineau, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Canadian Climate Institute (ed.), Damage Control: Reducing the Costs of Climate Impacts in Canada. CCI, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Transport Canada (ed.), Action. Collaboration. Transformation. Final report of the National Supply Chain Task Force. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cInsured losses from Calgary hailstorm reach $3.25 billion.\u201d IBC, Toronto, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cNorthern Alberta <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> costliest insured natural disaster in Canadian history.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Greenhouse gas emissions. ECCC, Gatineau, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2019s population estimates, first quarter 2025.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 wildfire season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The State of Canada\u2019s Forests: Annual Report 2024. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), Extreme Heat and Human Mortality: A Review of Heat-Related Deaths in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a multi-year drought combined with peak-electricity constraints affect agriculture, municipal water and food logistics in Western Canada?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-WAT-01 \u00b7 drought\u2013energy\u2013rail model; first output: dependency graph and data cut for three basins.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much health-system surge capacity remains during concurrent heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> smoke in large western and central cities?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-HLT-02 \u00b7 heat\u2013smoke surge readiness; first output: surge baseline for five health regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How large is the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a> by peril and province, and where does the uninsured share land?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-FIN-03 \u00b7 protection gap and fiscal exposure; first output: peril-by-province loss table, 2016\u20132025.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Through which sectors and provinces would a change in North American trade terms travel fastest?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-TRD-04 \u00b7 trade-shock transmission; first output: input\u2013output exposure map.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What is the condition of ecosystems outside protected areas, and how fast is it changing?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-BIO-05 \u00b7 ecosystem condition; first output: indicator set and coverage matrix.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do rail, port and grid assets share failure modes on the western gateway?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CAN-WAT-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: public-safe interdependence schematic.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are northern and remote communities to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\">permafrost thaw<\/a> and to fuel and food supply disruption?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities on the ladder have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives, one project and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CAN-WAT-01<\/span><\/td><td>Western Canada drought\u2013energy\u2013rail dependency model<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01 \u00b7 A-06<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CAN-HLT-02<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and smoke surge readiness<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CAN-FIN-03<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Protection gap<\/a> and fiscal exposure baseline<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CAN-TRD-04<\/span><\/td><td>Trade-shock transmission model<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CAN-BIO-05<\/span><\/td><td>Ecosystem condition beyond protected areas<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-CAN-WAT-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Three-basin data cut and dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-CAN-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound drought\u2013energy\u2013rail Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Canada is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in Canada from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><code>risks<\/code>, <code>capabilities<\/code>, <code>initiatives<\/code>, <code>projects<\/code>, <code>missions<\/code>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-CAN-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-CAN-2027-01 \u00b7 compound drought\u2013energy\u2013rail<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-002 \u00b7 losses<\/td><td>finance-readiness review (key F)<\/td><td>protection-gap work A-03<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-003 \u00b7 uninsured share<\/td><td>finance-readiness review (key F)<\/td><td>peril-by-province split<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-005 \u00b7 hydro dependence<\/td><td>INI-CAN-WAT-01<\/td><td>drought\u2013energy model<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-008 \u00b7 heat mortality<\/td><td>INI-CAN-HLT-02<\/td><td>surge readiness<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-009 \u00b7 conservation<\/td><td>INI-CAN-BIO-05<\/td><td>condition baseline<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TRD-011 \u00b7 trade channel<\/td><td>INI-CAN-TRD-04<\/td><td>transmission model<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-CAN-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Canadian Wildland Fire Information System<\/td><td>Natural Resources Canada<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>RSK-CAN-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wildland fire situation reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CIFFC<\/td><td>daily in season<\/td><td>response rung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Real-time hydrometric data<\/td><td>Water Survey of Canada, ECCC<\/td><td>near real time<\/td><td>RSK-CAN-WAT-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Canadian Drought Monitor<\/td><td>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>agenda item A-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Weather alerts and warnings<\/td><td>Meteorological Service of Canada<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>early-warning rung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Avian influenza summaries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PHAC \u00b7 CFIA<\/td><td>weekly<\/td><td>health signals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Catastrophe event estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CatIQ<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>finance findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Inventory Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ECCC<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-CAN-001<\/td><td>Recurrent low water in western reservoirs and rivers, 2023\u20132025<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 ENE<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-CAN-002<\/td><td>H5N1 in poultry and wild birds; a domestically acquired human case in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>HLT \u00b7 FOO \u00b7 BIO<\/td><td>monitoring<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-CAN-003<\/td><td>Fire seasons starting earlier and lasting longer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 BIO \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>risk object RSK-CAN-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Canadian Interagency <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Forest Fire<\/a> Centre (ed.), National wildland fire situation reports, 2023\u20132025. CIFFC, Winnipeg, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Public Health Agency of Canada (ed.), \u201cAvian influenza A(H5N1): current situation summary.\u201d PHAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c7-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>P. Jain, Q. E. Barber, S. W. Taylor et al., \u201cDrivers and impacts of the record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season in Canada,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 15, art. 6764, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c7-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Canada\u2019s water system is defined by abundance in total and scarcity where people, farms and power plants are. The binding stresses at baseline are drought in the West, flood in cities and corridors, and service gaps in remote communities.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224820<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world\u2019s fresh surface water, mostly flowing north<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22487<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world\u2019s renewable freshwater<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224860<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of electricity generated from hydro<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supply and storage<\/td><td>large but seasonal; snowpack and glaciers drive western summer flows<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought<\/td><td>recurrent on the Prairies and in southern British Columbia; 2021 is the reference year<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood<\/td><td>urban pluvial and riverine flooding is a leading driver of insured and uninsured losses<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Service access<\/td><td>long-term drinking-water advisories persist on some First Nations <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy link<\/td><td>hydro dominance makes low water an electricity event<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro output in dry years<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation and rain-fed yields<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water and sanitation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT wetland and forest regulation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>basin-scale water stress under multi-year drought<\/li><li>groundwater levels and recharge<\/li><li>municipal supply resilience in dry years<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the water system at baseline. Water management rests with provinces, territories, Indigenous governments and federal agencies under their own mandates.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A low-emitting electricity system sits beside an emissions-intensive oil and gas sector. Hydro dominance makes water the key energy risk, while heat and cold set peak demand.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224883<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>electricity from non-emitting sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">208<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>oil and gas emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">50<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>electricity emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Generation mix<\/td><td>about 60% hydro, with nuclear concentrated in Ontario<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions<\/td><td>oil and gas the largest emitting sector; methane at a record low<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reliability<\/td><td>peak demand in heat and cold; interties and trade balance provinces<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dry-year exposure<\/td><td>lower hydro output raises imports and cuts exports<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transition<\/td><td>electrification raises demand; long-run projections in Canada\u2019s Energy Future<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro supply<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel, fertiliser and cold chain<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT power and cooling for care<\/li><li>AIC \u2192 ENE new data-centre load<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>monthly hydro storage and import dependence<\/li><li>peak-demand margins under compound heat<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h99\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 tech.ai-society.compute-resource-demand\" data-tk=\"Frontier and exponential technology \u00b7 Algorithmic decision and structural harm\" data-td=\"Rapid growth of AI data centres drawing electricity and cooling water faster than grids and catchments can supply, straining local networks, raising prices and slowing decarbonisation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H99\" data-tr=\"draft\">data-centre load growth<\/a> by province<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Electricity and energy decisions rest with provincial and territorial governments, regulators and system operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Canada is a major exporter of grains, oilseeds and potash, and its yields swing with Prairie weather. Food security at home depends on access and affordability as much as on production.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u2248\u2153<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">share<\/span><p>of world potash output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u221235<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>canola output, 2021 against 2020<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">70<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>agriculture emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Production<\/td><td>grains, oilseeds and pulses on the Prairies; diverse production in the East<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought sensitivity<\/td><td>2021 heat and drought cut canola by about a third, and wheat by more<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inputs<\/td><td>fertiliser, fuel and potash; Canada is a leading potash producer<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Logistics<\/td><td>export grain moves by rail to west-coast and Great Lakes ports<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access<\/td><td>household food access and affordability not yet bound at baseline<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 FOO rain-fed and irrigated yields<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO inputs and cold chain<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 TRD export volumes<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>post-2021 drought impacts by region<\/li><li>household food access and affordability<\/li><li>rail and port continuity in harvest season<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural policy or about any company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Health is an active system, not only an outcome. Heat, smoke and zoonotic spillover now load it each season; spending is high, and surge depth is not documented.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">12.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">% GDP<\/span><p>health spending, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">619<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>2021 heat dome, British Columbia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2024<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">H5N1<\/span><p>first domestically acquired human case<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Spending<\/td><td>total health spending at 12.4% of GDP in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat<\/td><td>the 2021 heat dome is the deadliest weather event in Canadian history<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Smoke<\/td><td>fire seasons bring weeks of smoke to distant cities<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 one-health\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated approach that recognises the health of people, animals, plants and ecosystems as interdependent and manages risks across them together.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">One Health<\/a><\/td><td>H5N1 in poultry and wild birds; a domestic human case in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Surge capacity<\/td><td>not documented nationally at public-safe resolution<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat mortality and morbidity<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 HLT smoke and zoonoses<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT power and cooling in care settings<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 HLT nutrition and food safety<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>emergency surge under concurrent heat and smoke<\/li><li>cooling in long-term care and housing<\/li><li>One Health surveillance integration<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health-system planning rests with provinces, territories and public health authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Canada holds vast forest, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Conservation stands at about half of the 2030 target, and fire is now the fastest-changing pressure.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land conserved, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of marine areas conserved, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22489<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world\u2019s forests<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Extent<\/td><td>about 9% of the world\u2019s forests; extensive wetlands and peatlands<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conservation<\/td><td>13.7% of land and 14.7% of marine areas, against 30% by 2030<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fire<\/td><td>record 2023 season; seasons starting earlier and lasting longer<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>ecosystem condition outside protected areas not yet bound<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Services<\/td><td>water regulation, pollination and carbon storage<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT regulation and filtration<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 HLT smoke and zoonoses<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO fire and heat<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ecosystem condition indicators<\/li><li>peatland carbon under fire<\/li><li>species-at-risk trends by region<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), \u201cWater sources: water availability in Canada.\u201d ECCC, Gatineau, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Indigenous Services Canada (ed.), \u201cEnding long-term drinking water advisories.\u201d ISC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Canada Energy Regulator (ed.), Canada\u2019s Energy Future 2023: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2050. CER, Calgary, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. USGS, Reston, VA, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Transport Canada (ed.), Action. Collaboration. Transformation. Final report of the National Supply Chain Task Force. Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Public Health Agency of Canada (ed.), \u201cAvian influenza A(H5N1): current situation summary.\u201d PHAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>P. Berry and R. Schnitter (eds.), Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>P. Jain, Q. E. Barber, S. W. Taylor et al., \u201cDrivers and impacts of the record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season in Canada,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 15, art. 6764, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The State of Canada\u2019s Forests: Annual Report 2024. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-c8-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-c8-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>6 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Gap to the 2030 target<\/td><td>685 \u2212 (0.55 to 0.60) \u00d7 763 Mt<\/td><td>227\u2013265 Mt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Uninsured share of societal losses<\/td><td>1 \u2212 0.54<\/td><td>\u2248 46%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Decade growth of insured losses<\/td><td>37 \u00f7 14<\/td><td>\u2248 2.6\u00d7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Share of oil and gas plus transport<\/td><td>(208 + 151) \u00f7 685<\/td><td>\u2248 52%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-CAN-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Canada as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for provincial or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p><code>documented<\/code>, <code>buffered<\/code><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p><code>plausible<\/code>, <code>undocumented<\/code><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of Canadian risk.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-CAN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>48 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-CAN-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>National GHG emissions<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Apr 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Apr 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured catastrophe losses<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jan 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Jan 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Societal catastrophe losses<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>Q1 2025<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>quarterly<\/td><td>quarterly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conserved land and marine areas<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warming since 1948<\/td><td>1948\u20132016<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next national assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-related deaths<\/a>, 2021<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><code>one-off<\/code><\/td><td>,<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prairie crop production<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>Dec 2021<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health spending share of GDP<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World potash share<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional downscaling for 2027 hazards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>monthly hydro storage and imports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>provincial and peril splits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>post-2021 drought impacts by region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>groundwater and basin stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>surge capacity under heat and smoke<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>ecosystem condition outside protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital and cyber<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by Environment and Climate Change Canada under the UNFCCC. National and provincial coverage, 1990\u20132024, compiled each April with IPCC methods. Each edition revises earlier years: the 2026 edition raised 2005 by 4.3 Mt and lowered 2023 by 7.0 Mt. Role: binds findings CLI-001 and ENE-004.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-CAN-001<\/h3><p>National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by CatIQ, Canada\u2019s insured-loss and exposure index provider. National coverage of declared catastrophe events, with insured-loss estimates revised after each event. Role: binds FIN-002, and with ICLR societal estimates [3] binds FIN-003.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-CAN-002<\/h3><p>Catastrophe loss index and annual summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CAN-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CAN-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>all sectors and gases<\/td><td>declared catastrophes only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 16 months after the year<\/td><td>weeks to months after events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual back-revision<\/td><td>event estimates revised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology annexes<\/td><td>summary method published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>UNFCCC expert review<\/td><td>industry use; no public audit<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ICLR societal loss estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>, method for uninsured losses<\/li><li>Conserved areas indicator<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, coverage and counting rules<\/li><li>Field crop production<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>, provincial yield series<\/li><li>Health expenditure trends<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>, forecast and actual<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Nexus Standards reviews the parts applied: identifiers, citation, metadata, figures and crosswalks, cited as preparatory working drafts. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on five sites<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then do the five Reports sites show the edition as published, each reading it through its own lens.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at Nexus Standards<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CatIQ<\/td><td>Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CESI<\/td><td>Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CIFFC<\/td><td>Canadian Interagency <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Forest Fire<\/a> Centre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CIHI<\/td><td>Canadian Institute for Health Information<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CSSB<\/td><td>Canadian Sustainability Standards Board<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CUSMA<\/td><td>Canada\u2013United States\u2013Mexico Agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ECCC<\/td><td>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IBC<\/td><td>Insurance Bureau of Canada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ICLR<\/td><td>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIR<\/td><td>National Inventory Report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NRCan<\/td><td>Natural Resources Canada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OSFI<\/td><td>Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PHAC<\/td><td>Public Health Agency of Canada<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-CAN-HDF-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Provincial notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every province and territory<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, national GHG emissions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e, 100-year <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> potentials<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>excludes land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>National Inventory Report 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>back-revised each April edition<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>about 16 months\u2019 lag at release<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>National GHG emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">685<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change since 2005<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u221210.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oil and gas emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">208<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transport emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">151<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agriculture emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">70<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">50<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Methane emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">105<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">16.6<\/span><\/td><td>t CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured catastrophe losses<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9.1<\/span><\/td><td>C$ billion<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured catastrophe losses<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.4<\/span><\/td><td>C$ billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uninsured catastrophe losses<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.0<\/span><\/td><td>C$ billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Catastrophes declared<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17<\/span><\/td><td>events<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured severe-weather losses<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">37<\/span><\/td><td>C$ billion<\/td><td>2016\u20132025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warming since 1948<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.7<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>1948\u20132016<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-related deaths<\/a>, BC<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">619<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conserved land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">13.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conserved marine areas<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">14.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">41.5<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health spending<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">12.4<\/span><\/td><td>% of GDP<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Critical minerals listed<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">34<\/span><\/td><td>minerals<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0ANational%20GHG%20emissions%2C685%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AChange%20since%202005%2C%E2%88%9210.3%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AOil%20and%20gas%20emissions%2C208%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ATransport%20emissions%2C151%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AAgriculture%20emissions%2C70%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AElectricity%20emissions%2C50%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AMethane%20emissions%2C105%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AEmissions%20per%20person%2C16.6%2Ct%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B38%5D%0AInsured%20catastrophe%20losses%2C9.1%2CC%24%20billion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AInsured%20catastrophe%20losses%2C2.4%2CC%24%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AUninsured%20catastrophe%20losses%2C1.0%2CC%24%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0ACatastrophes%20declared%2C17%2Cevents%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AInsured%20severe-weather%20losses%2C37%2CC%24%20billion%2C2016%E2%80%932025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AWarming%20since%201948%2C1.7%2C%C2%B0C%2C1948%E2%80%932016%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22Heat-related%20deaths%2C%20BC%22%2C619%2Cdeaths%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AConserved%20land%2C13.7%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AConserved%20marine%20areas%2C14.7%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0APopulation%2C41.5%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0AHealth%20spending%2C12.4%2C%25%20of%20GDP%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0ACritical%20minerals%20listed%2C34%2Cminerals%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Canada%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20Canada%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22National%20GHG%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22685%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20since%202005%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%88%9210.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Oil%20and%20gas%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22208%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Transport%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22151%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Agriculture%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2270%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Electricity%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2250%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Methane%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22105%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Emissions%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2216.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22t%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B38%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Insured%20catastrophe%20losses%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22C%24%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Insured%20catastrophe%20losses%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22C%24%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Uninsured%20catastrophe%20losses%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22C%24%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Catastrophes%20declared%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22events%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Insured%20severe-weather%20losses%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2237%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22C%24%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222016%E2%80%932025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Warming%20since%201948%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221948%E2%80%932016%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-related%20deaths%2C%20BC%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22619%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Conserved%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2213.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Conserved%20marine%20areas%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2214.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2241.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Health%20spending%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2212.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Critical%20minerals%20listed%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2234%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22minerals%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Emissions exclude land use, land-use change and forestry. Loss values are nominal Canadian dollars, except the decade total, which its source adjusts for inflation. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>National Inventory Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td><code>national<\/code> \u00b7 <code>provincial<\/code><\/td><td>1990\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sustainability indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>to 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO \u00b7 CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025 Q1<\/td><td>quarterly<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Census of Population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><code>five-yearly<\/code><\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Field crop production<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>provincial<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health expenditure trends<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>scientific assessment<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>1948\u20132016<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme heat<\/a> review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>administrative record<\/td><td>provincial<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><code>one-off<\/code><\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Catastrophe loss index<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>industry<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>to 2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Societal loss estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research institute<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>43 years<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2023\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mineral Commodity Summaries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international producer<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO \u00b7 MIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Canada by macro-region<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every province and territory follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Share of population by region, 2021 Census<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>British Columbia<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">18.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Prairies<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">61.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Ontario and Quebec<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Atlantic Canada<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>the North<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Canada by macro-region<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>British Columbia<\/td><td>heat, drought, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a>, atmospheric-river floods<\/td><td>health, hydro, rail and port links<\/td><td>2021 heat dome<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; 2021 floods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prairies (AB, SK, MB)<\/td><td>drought, hail, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><td><code>food<\/code>, <code>rail<\/code>, <code>insurance<\/code><\/td><td>2021 drought<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; 2024 hail<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>; 2016 wildfire<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ontario and Quebec<\/td><td>ice storms, urban flooding, heat<\/td><td>power distribution, housing, health<\/td><td>2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.freezing-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain that freezes on contact and coats surfaces with ice, breaking trees and lines and making roads impassable.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\">ice storm<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; 2024 floods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Atlantic Canada<\/td><td>post-tropical storms, coastal flooding, wildfire<\/td><td><code>power<\/code>, <code>housing<\/code>, <code>fisheries<\/code><\/td><td>post-tropical storm Fiona, 2022<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>North<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\">permafrost thaw<\/a>, wildfire, supply disruption<\/td><td>housing, roads, food and fuel supply<\/td><td>2023 Yellowknife evacuation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The leading compound pathway runs through British Columbia: heat-dome mortality, low-water years for hydro, and atmospheric-river floods that cut the corridors to the port of Vancouver.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">BRITISH COLUMBIA<\/h3><p>Heat, water and corridors<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The Prairies hold most of Canada\u2019s grain and oilseed production and set records for hail and wildfire losses. A multi-year drought here couples water, food, energy and rail.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">PRAIRIES<\/h3><p>Drought, hail and fire<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Six in ten Canadians live in Ontario and Quebec, where ice storms, urban flooding and heat test power distribution, housing and health services.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ONTARIO AND QUEBEC<\/h3><p>Ice, flood and heat in dense cities<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES IN Q2 2027<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any province or territory.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, British Columbia<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">province<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">grid region<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">corridor<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd><code>health<\/code>, <code>energy<\/code>, <code>water<\/code>, <code>transport<\/code><\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>2021 heat dome, 619 deaths<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; November 2021 atmospheric-river floods; recurrent low water, 2023\u20132025<\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro; CLI \u2192 HLT heat; CLI \u2192 INF corridor links<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>public alerting in use since 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> mutual aid in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>basin-scale drought stress; corridor interdependence; surge capacity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-02 \u00b7 A-06<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age in this unit<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Heat mortality review<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low-water signal<\/td><td>2023\u20132025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Corridor dependency<\/td><td>2021 analogue<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The 2021 heat dome killed 619 people in British Columbia; almost all died indoors, many of them older adults living alone. Cooling, check-in programmes and alerts are the capability questions for 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HEALTH<\/h3><p>Heat and smoke<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Most of the province\u2019s electricity comes from hydro. Low-water years since 2023 (signal SIG-CAN-001) raise imports at peak prices in a province that is normally an exporter.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Low water, high demand<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The November 2021 atmospheric-river floods cut road and rail links between the port of Vancouver and the rest of Canada for days to weeks, the analogue for agenda item A-06.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">TRANSPORT<\/h3><p>Corridors to the coast<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every province and territory from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. British Columbia is shown first because it holds the leading compound pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Canada system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Canada appears in the North America regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Canada system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>large endowment; uneven access<\/td><td>drought into hydro and food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>low-emitting power; oil and gas emissions<\/td><td>water and heat<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>major exporter<\/td><td>drought and corridors<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>high spending; seasonal heat and smoke load<\/td><td><code>heat<\/code>, <code>smoke<\/code>, <code>zoonoses<\/code><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>vast ecosystems; conservation below target<\/td><td>fire and land use<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>high-income, resource-exporting federation with a northern frontier<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>41.5 million (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>about three-quarters of goods exports to the United States<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Losses<\/dt><dd>record insured catastrophe losses in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Canada\u2019s card sits beside those of the United States and Mexico; shared basins, grids, rail and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">NORTH AMERICA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Canadian evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Canada is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and Canada\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-CAN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a>.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Greenhouse gas emissions. ECCC, Gatineau, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2019s population estimates, first quarter 2025.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy and Critical Minerals List (2024 update). NRCan, Ottawa, 2022\u20132024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), Census of Population, 2021. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The State of Canada\u2019s Forests: Annual Report 2024. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. USGS, Reston, VA, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cInsured losses from Calgary hailstorm reach $3.25 billion.\u201d IBC, Toronto, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cNorthern Alberta <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> costliest insured natural disaster in Canadian history.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (ed.), Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2017-91: Implementation of the National Public Alerting System by wireless service providers. CRTC, Ottawa, 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre (ed.), National wildland fire situation reports, 2023\u20132025. CIFFC, Winnipeg, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanadian international merchandise trade: annual review 2024.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-can-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\">Canada 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE<\/span>.<\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>48 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Environment and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Canada (ed.), National Inventory Report 1990\u20132024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Canada\u2019s submission to the UNFCCC, 2026 edition. ECCC, Gatineau, April 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>CatIQ (ed.), Canadian insured losses from catastrophic events: 2025 annual summary. Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Inc., Toronto, January 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction (ed.), Societal losses from catastrophic events in Canada: 2025 estimates. ICLR, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cSevere weather-related insured losses in Canada exceed $2.4 billion in 2025.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>E. Bush and D. S. Lemmen (eds.), Canada\u2019s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2019. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>BC Coroners Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Extreme Heat<\/a> and Human Mortality: A Review of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heat-Related Deaths<\/a> in B.C. in Summer 2021. Government of British Columbia, Victoria, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Canada\u2019s conserved areas. ECCC, Gatineau, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), \u201cWater sources: water availability in Canada.\u201d ECCC, Gatineau, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Energy Fact Book 2024\u20132025. NRCan, Ottawa, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s record-breaking 2023 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> season. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2019s population estimates, first quarter 2025.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, March 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cCanadian international merchandise trade: annual review 2024.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy and Critical Minerals List (2024 update). NRCan, Ottawa, 2022\u20132024.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Canada Energy Regulator (ed.), Canada\u2019s Energy Future 2023: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2050. CER, Calgary, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), National Risk Profile: A national emergency preparedness and awareness tool, first public report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s National Adaptation Strategy: Building Resilient Communities and a Strong Economy. ECCC, Gatineau, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>P. Berry and R. Schnitter (eds.), Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Canadian Climate Institute (ed.), Damage Control: Reducing the Costs of Climate Impacts in Canada. CCI, Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), \u201cProduction of principal field crops, November 2021.\u201d The Daily, Ottawa, December 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Canadian Institute for Health Information (ed.), National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024. CIHI, Ottawa, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Public Safety Canada (ed.), Adapting to Rising Flood Risk: An Analysis of Insurance Solutions for Canada. Report of the Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation. Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Transport Canada (ed.), Action. Collaboration. Transformation. Final report of the National Supply Chain Task Force. Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Bank of Canada and Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (eds.), Using Scenario Analysis to Assess Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 transition-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk arising from the shift to a low-emission economy, through policy, law, technology, markets and reputation, which can reprice assets and change business models.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Transition Risk<\/a>: Final Report of the BoC\u2013OSFI Climate Scenario Analysis Pilot. Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (ed.), Guideline B-15: Climate Risk Management. OSFI, Ottawa, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Public Health Agency of Canada (ed.), \u201cAvian influenza A(H5N1): current situation summary.\u201d PHAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Indigenous Services Canada (ed.), \u201cEnding long-term drinking water advisories.\u201d ISC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cInsured losses from Calgary hailstorm reach $3.25 billion.\u201d IBC, Toronto, February 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. USGS, Reston, VA, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Natural Resources Canada (ed.), The State of Canada\u2019s Forests: Annual Report 2024. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Statistics Canada (ed.), Census of Population, 2021. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre (ed.), National wildland fire situation reports, 2023\u20132025. CIFFC, Winnipeg, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Federation of Canadian Municipalities et al. (eds.), Canadian Infrastructure Report Card 2019: Monitoring the State of Canada\u2019s Core Public Infrastructure. Ottawa, 2019. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>Global Affairs Canada (ed.), \u201cCanada\u2013United States\u2013Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): joint review.\u201d GAC, Ottawa, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (ed.), Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2017-91: Implementation of the National Public Alerting System by wireless service providers. CRTC, Ottawa, 2017. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>Insurance Bureau of Canada (ed.), \u201cNorthern Alberta wildfire costliest insured natural disaster in Canadian history.\u201d IBC, Toronto, January 2017. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Environment and Climate Change Canada (ed.), Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Greenhouse gas emissions. ECCC, Gatineau, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>P. Jain, Q. E. Barber, S. W. Taylor et al., \u201cDrivers and impacts of the record-breaking 2023 wildfire season in Canada,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 15, art. 6764, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>F. J. Warren and N. Lulham (eds.), Canada in a Changing Climate: National Issues Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>M. D. Flannigan, M. A. Krawchuk, W. J. de Groot, B. M. Wotton and L. M. Gowman, \u201cImplications of changing climate for global wildland fire,\u201d International Journal of Wildland Fire, vol. 18, pp. 483\u2013507, 2009. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>S. V. Buldyrev, R. Parshani, G. Paul, H. E. Stanley and S. Havlin, \u201cCatastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks,\u201d Nature, vol. 464, pp. 1025\u20131028, 2010. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>National Research Council Canada (ed.), National Building Code of Canada 2020. NRC, Ottawa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>Canadian Sustainability Standards Board (ed.), Canadian Sustainability Disclosure Standards CSDS 1 and CSDS 2. CSSB, Toronto, December 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-can-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>Government of Canada (ed.), Canada\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution under the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. Submission to the UNFCCC, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Canada <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd><code>erratum<\/code> \u00b7 <code>addendum<\/code> \u00b7 <code>supersession<\/code> \u00b7 <code>withdrawal<\/code><\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-can-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">CAN<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-can-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CAN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-CAN-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Canada; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Canada\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Canada&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Canada\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Canada\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Canada\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Canada, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Canada for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Canada Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Canada&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;NXS&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;nxs&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/can\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Canada&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-can-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-can-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>CAN edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Canada 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; CAN is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Canada.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-STD<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-exustandards-com-nexus-reports-editions-can-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-exustandards-com-nexus-reports-editions-can-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-exustandards-com-nexus-reports-editions-can-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-standards-council\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> National Standards Council<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\"><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? 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