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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2jr8omm.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"split\" data-ground=\"none\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">System<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Communities and contribution<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Area \u00b7 proposed<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Regional chapters<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Describes regional chapters as mirror committees named by UN M49 regions (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania and their sub-regions, for example Latin America and the Caribbean or Western Asia): they review drafts, translate, run regional pilots, propose regional profiles and ensure that regional context is reflected in the standards. A chapter is listed only after its founding participants record a charter. Part of the Communities, Learning and Contribution programme. Each artefact of the area carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> (Unique Nexus Identifier).<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"#nx-sec-standards\">Applicable standards <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/\">Return to Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><figure class=\"nxh-fig\" data-nxs-hero=\"area\"><div class=\"nxh-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Regional chapters<\/span><\/div><svg class=\"nxh-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 380 288\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Regional chapters. What this area is built from: the Nexus Standards it applies, the open standards it names and the data and feeds it reads, then the areas its record couples it with (marked).\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><figcaption class=\"nxh-cap\"><span>What this area is built from: the Nexus Standards it applies, the open standards it names and the data and feeds it reads, then the areas its record couples it with (marked).<\/span><span class=\"nxh-src\">Source: the Nexus Standards registry: the area record.<\/span><\/figcaption><ul class=\"nxh-sr\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: NS-1, NS-9.<\/li><li>Open standards: UN M49 Standard country or area codes; Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2; Activity Streams 2.0 vocabulary.<\/li><li>Data and feeds: UN M49 code list; World Bank country and lending groups.<\/li><li>Couples with: National chapters; How a standard is made; Regional chapter pathway; Translation and localisation.<\/li><\/ul><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-scope\"><span>01<\/span>Scope<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-lens\"><span>02<\/span>Alignment<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-process\"><span>03<\/span>Process<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-audiences\"><span>04<\/span>Audiences<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-twin\"><span>05<\/span>System model<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-wg\"><span>06<\/span>Working group<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-couplings\"><span>07<\/span>Systemic couplings<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-standards\"><span>08<\/span>Standards<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-problems\"><span>09<\/span>Research questions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-open\"><span>10<\/span>Open standards<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <div class=\"nx-signals\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Regional chapters in numbers, from the registry\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><dl><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Nexus Standards<\/dt><dd class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-metric-note\">NS-1, NS-9<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-sig-wrap\"><span class=\"nx-sig\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Open standards<\/dt><dd class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">3<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-metric-note\">named, never copied<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-sig-wrap\"><span class=\"nx-sig\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data and feeds<\/dt><dd class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-metric-note\">listed for reference<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-sig-wrap\"><span class=\"nx-sig\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/dt><dd class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">4<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-metric-note\">with other areas<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-sig-wrap\"><span class=\"nx-sig\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-dossier\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-ns-crumbs\" aria-label=\"You are here\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Standards home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/\">Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Regional chapters<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><div class=\"nx-ns-console nx-ns-dossier-grid\" data-ns-console=\"profile\" data-ns-data=\"nxe-nxs-prof-area-regional-chapters\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards area profiles and the Nexus Standards registry\"><dl class=\"nx-ns-dossier-facts\"><div><dt><span class=\"nx-ns-term\" data-tip=\"Unique Nexus Identifier: a persistent identifier that resolves an artefact to its record.\" tabindex=\"0\">UNI<\/span><\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"planned\">requested \u00b7 allocation in progress<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Status<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-ns-term\" data-tip=\"A draft in the open development process that the Global Standards Council has not yet adopted. Each area profile is a proposal to the Nexus Standards registry.\" tabindex=\"0\">Proposed<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">not yet in the catalogue<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Last reviewed<\/dt><dd><time datetime=\"2026-10-17\">17 October 2026<\/time><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">area profile<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-ns-dossier-cite\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cite this page<\/span><p class=\"nx-ns-cite\" data-ns-cite=\"true\">Nexus Standards (2026). Regional chapters: area brief, Communities, Learning and Contribution programme. Proposed. https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/regional-chapters\/. Last reviewed 17 October 2026.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-dossier-dl\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Download the profile<\/span><div class=\"nx-ns-dl-row\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Download the profile\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ns-dl\" data-ns-dl=\"yaml\" disabled>YAML<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ns-dl\" data-ns-dl=\"json\" disabled>JSON<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ns-dl\" data-ns-dl=\"csv\" disabled>CSV<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-ns-dl\" data-ns-dl=\"cite\" disabled>Copy citation<\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-ns-sub nx-ns-dl-msg\" role=\"status\">Files include the credits and the licence statement and are generated in the browser; no data is transmitted. Downloads require JavaScript.<\/p><\/div><\/div><nav class=\"nx-related nx-ns-onpage\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-scope\">Scope<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-lens\">Alignment<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-audiences\">Audiences<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-twin\">System model<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-wg\">Working group<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-couplings\">Systemic couplings<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-standards\">Standards<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-problems\">Research questions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-open\">Open standards<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-consoles\">Consoles<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-readiness\">Readiness<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-feeds\">Data sources<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\">Indicators<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-closed\">Restricted standards<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-hazards\">Hazards and sectors<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-refs\">Sources<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-research\">Research hub<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-academy\">Learning<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-network\">Across the network<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\">Key terms<\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-scope\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"split\" data-ns-layout=\"ledger-pair\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Scope<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Scope and boundaries<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">An area of the Communities, Learning and Contribution programme (communities and contribution). The area profile sets out 4 matters in scope and 3 matters addressed by other areas.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-scope\"><div><p class=\"nx-ns-scope-h\">In scope <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">4<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Chapter charter template with UN M49 region codes (for example M002 Africa, M019 Americas, M142 Asia, M150 Europe, M009 Oceania)<\/li><li>Regional review, translation and pilot procedures<\/li><li>Regional discussion groups and event records<\/li><li>Regional profile proposals carrying a REGION segment in their UNIs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-ns-scope-h\">Out of scope <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">3<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Any implied endorsement by regional intergovernmental organisations<\/li><li>Political or territorial positions; M49 names are used for statistical convenience only<\/li><li>Normative translations; translations are informative<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-ns-juris\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Jurisdictions<\/span> Application in each jurisdiction is a national decision, taken by the National Standards Council (NSC) with the competent national authorities.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-lens\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"lens\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Alignment<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From frameworks and sources to the applicable standards<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Read from left to right; select or focus an item to trace its connections.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-lens\" data-ns-data=\"nx-lens-regional-chapters\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1\"><div class=\"nx-ns-lens-static\"><p class=\"nx-note\">The interactive view requires JavaScript; the sections below present the same records.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-process\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"process\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Process<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The participation pathway<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Regional practitioner networks, universities and research centres and regional organisations&#8217; technical staff find the area and its open drafts, take part without a membership fee, comment in the open, join a working group, propose text and see each comment answered in writing; accepted work becomes a version, and national adoption is decided by each National Standards Council (NSC). 8 operations in 5 phases, built from the area profile: the rows carry its own data sources, indicators, open standards, couplings and, where listed, hazards, and each operation names the rules it implements (8). Records and artefacts are cited by <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> (Unique Nexus Identifier) and version.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" data-nx-level=\"catalogue\" id=\"nx-pe-nxs-p-regional-chapters\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-nxs-p-regional-chapters\" data-active=\"standard-lifecycle\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Standards \u00b7 codify and correct<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">Standard lifecycle<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Standard lifecycle<\/span> \u00b7 <span>NS-13 track<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Contribution channels<\/span> \u00b7 <span>IETF track<\/span> \u00b7 <span>W3C track<\/span> \u00b7 <span>OGC track<\/span> \u00b7 <span>OASIS track<\/span> \u00b7 <span>ISO and IEC stages<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Conformance<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Record lifecycle<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Routing<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Monitoring<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">Cycle findings become change proposals, the Global Standards Council adopts after a public last call, and each country decides its own adoption.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Route missions<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Route missions to standards and profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Nexus Standards routes each candidate mission to the standards and profiles that apply.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Profiles and conformance<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Compose mission profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Nexus Standards composes mission profiles and records any national adoption the missions depend on.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Validate build outputs against the profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Nexus Standards validates build outputs against the composed profiles and records the evidence.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Monitor conformance and record sealed evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">During Action Week Nexus Standards monitors conformance and logs deviations.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Proposals and review<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Deviations and corrections become change proposals<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Deviations become change proposals, and the correction is recorded as a change to the evidence.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Cycle findings become change proposals<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings from a cycle become change proposals: method and correction findings from <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> (F06) and docket items from Nexus\u2026<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Draft and revise in the open<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Committees and working groups<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Technical committees and working groups draft and revise the standards in the open process of NS-13.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Review toward a council decision<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Nexus Standards moves change proposals through review toward a council decision.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Council decision<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Public last call<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Global Standards Council<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The Global Standards Council adopts by a two-thirds majority after a ninety-day last call.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Global adoption of a standard<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Decision \u00b7 Global Standards Council<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The Global Standards Council decides the adoption of each standard after public last call.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">05 Publish and identify<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Assign a UNI and publish<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Secretariat (GCRI Canada)<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Nexus Standards assigns UNIs and deposits publications under the publisher&#8217;s process.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">A UNI identifies and never certifies<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Every object of the programme year carries one identifier, a UNI under NS-1, so that it can be cited, versioned and resolved.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Publish the year&#8217;s adopted changes<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">At renewal Nexus Standards publishes the year&#8217;s adopted changes and national adoption status.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">06 National adoption and application<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">National adoption by the National Standards Council<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Decision \u00b7 National Standards Council<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each country&#8217;s National Standards Council decides national adoption: adopt as is, adopt with a profile (NS-16), adapt, or reference only.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Adopted standards reach courses and editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module in Risk Academy (F09), and standards are applied in Reports editions (R1).<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Adoption is final for each jurisdiction<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Standard \u00b7 National Standards Council<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Adoption is final for each jurisdiction, and the GSC has no veto over a national decision. No global body holds a veto.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">National adoption records<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Composed mission profiles and national adoption records go to the Foundry at readiness preparation (F08).<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/standards\" rel=\"noopener\">Nexus Standards<\/a> \u00b7 Nexus Standards (institution) \u00b7 National Standards Council<\/span><span>An outline of the designed programme cycle, not a record of operation: no cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. Every Nexus Standard is at the PROPOSED stage and nexustandards.com governs the text and status of each one. A UNI identifies and never certifies; a validator report is evidence for review, not a conformance claim.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-mt-3\"><summary class=\"nx-h4\">The operations, as a table<\/summary><div class=\"nx-plate\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Process<\/strong> \u00b7 the participation pathway<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">8 operations \u00b7 5 phases<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Phase<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Operation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Decision rule<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Implements<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Discovery<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Find the area<\/strong> (start). Learning pathways and calls are linked from the area. Describes regional chapters as mirror committees named by UN M49 regions (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania and their sub-regions, for example Latin America and the Caribbean or Western Asia): they review drafts, translate, run regional pilots, propose regional profiles and ensure that regional context is reflected in the standards.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">regional practitioner networks, universities and research centres and regional organisations&#8217; technical staff<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">standards, registries and schemas are published openly<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">the area page, its drafts and its calls<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS0-P1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Discovery<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Read the drafts<\/strong> (step). Nexus Standards of this area: NS-1, NS-9.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the participant<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">drafts carry UNIs and are cited by version<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">the current drafts with their UNIs<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS2-R2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Joining<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Join<\/strong> (step). No membership fee is required; agents take part under a recorded mandate.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the participant<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">participation is open and free; identity is recorded<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">an identity recorded with ORCID or ROR<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Comment<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Comment<\/strong> (record). Accepted, rejected, deferred or open: each disposition is written.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the participant<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">each comment receives a disposition with a reason<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">a comment in the open record of a proposal<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Comment<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Working group<\/strong> (step). Deliverables: Regional chapter charter template, Regional review and translation procedure and Map of chapters, showing recorded charters only.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the working group chairs<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">consensus with recorded dissent; two co-chairs from different organisations<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">Maintain the chapter model, charter template and coordination between regional and national chapters.<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Proposal<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Propose text<\/strong> (gate). Last call is announced to every stakeholder group listed on the proposal.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the participant or the working group<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">every change enters through a proposal; objections are dispositioned before acceptance<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">a proposal with a UNI, through last call<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R1, NS13-R3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Adoption<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>New version<\/strong> (record). Contributors are credited; agents are credited as agents.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the editors<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">editors decide in writing; they do not adopt<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">a semantic version crediting contributors<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R4, NS13-R5, NS2-R3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08<\/td><td data-label=\"Phase\">Adoption<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation\"><strong>Adoption<\/strong> (end). The GSC has no veto over a national decision.<\/td><td data-label=\"Who\">the GSC; in each country the NSC<\/td><td data-label=\"Decision rule\">national adoption is a national decision<\/td><td data-label=\"Record\">adoption by the Global Standards Council (GSC); national decisions by each NSC<\/td><td data-label=\"Implements\">NS13-R4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Table.<\/strong><span>Operations in walking order; each row names the phase, the operation, its actor, its decision rule, the record it leaves and the rule identifiers it implements. The table shows the process as specified; it does not report the status of any standard, proposal or record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\">UN M49 Standard country or area codes<\/a> \u00b7 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 \u00b7 NS-1: The UNI and the artefact catalogue \u00b7 NS-9: Contextual UNIs.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audiences\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" data-ns-layout=\"audience-list\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Audiences<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Intended users<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The area profile identifies 4 user communities.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-ns-aud\"><li>regional practitioner networks<\/li><li>universities and research centres<\/li><li>regional organisations&#8217; technical staff<\/li><li>translators<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">System model<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How a shock travels through this system<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A system model of this area built from the registry: 5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, 4 sectors, 8 controls, 2 feeds, 1 indicator. Select the components to include, choose an initiating hazard and run the scenario. Stress propagates through the hazard relations of the Nexus Hazard Standard (NHS-1), the exposure of each system, the recorded couplings and the sectors that carry the loss; adopted standards dampen transmission and live data sources support detection. All parameters are stated assumptions that the reader can adjust; results are illustrative scenario outputs for exercises and training, not forecasts or risk assessments.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-regional-chapters\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/regional-chapters\/\">Regional chapters<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/standards-process\/\">How a standard is made<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/regional-chapter-pathway\/\">Regional chapter pathway<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/translation-and-localisation\/\">Translation and localisation<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NRS-E2<\/code> Reports: editions, country, regional and technology profiles<\/li><li><code>NRS-E6<\/code> National and regional adoption and hubs<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-family\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A group of hazards in the Nexus Hazard Standard that share a process, medium or system role, giving a stable middle level between domain and individual hazard.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Hazard family<\/a>: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H65<\/code> Hazard family: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Planetary boundary<\/a> transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H28<\/code> Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H66<\/code> Hazard family: Ice tipping elements (NHS-1 planet.ice-tipping)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>UN M49 code list (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Bank country and lending groups (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organisations<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-wg\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"charter\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Working group<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Working group charter<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A proposed charter for this area, open to institutions and experts.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-charter\"><div class=\"nx-ns-charter-scope\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Scope<\/span><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">Maintain the chapter model, charter template and coordination between regional and national chapters.<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Institutions and experts are invited to charter this working group under NS-13 by filing a <span class=\"nx-ns-term\" data-tip=\"A public record of a proposed change under NS-13, decided by the editors with written reasons.\" tabindex=\"0\">public change record<\/span>. National Working Groups (NWGs) contribute national inputs and field exercises through their <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">National Nexus<\/a> Consortium (NNC).<\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Deliverables \u00b7 3<\/span><ol class=\"nx-ns-deliv\"><li>Regional chapter charter template<\/li><li>Regional review and translation procedure<\/li><li>Map of chapters, showing recorded charters only<\/li><\/ol><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Liaison targets \u00b7 3<\/span><ul class=\"nx-ns-liaison\"><li>UN Economic Commission for Africa (information exchange sought) <span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"planned\" data-tip=\"A liaison the working group intends to request from the issuing body; a liaison is established only when the body confirms it in writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">liaison sought<\/span><\/li><li>UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (information exchange sought) <span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"planned\" data-tip=\"A liaison the working group intends to request from the issuing body; a liaison is established only when the body confirms it in writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">liaison sought<\/span><\/li><li>UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (information exchange sought) <span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"planned\" data-tip=\"A liaison the working group intends to request from the issuing body; a liaison is established only when the body confirms it in writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">liaison sought<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-couplings\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"canvas\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systemic couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Systemic couplings<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">4 couplings link this area to other areas and programmes, each with the mechanism of the link.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><ol class=\"nx-ns-mech\"><li><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-to\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-m\">National chapters within a region coordinate through the regional chapter; regional profiles aggregate national pilots without overriding national bodies.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-to\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/standards-process\/\">How a standard is made<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Foundations and Governance<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-m\">Regional review is part of public last call; chapters submit comments that receive written dispositions.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-to\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/regional-chapter-pathway\/\">Regional chapter pathway<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Readiness and Adoption<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-m\">The readiness pathway in the Readiness and Adoption programme describes how a region adopts profiles; chapters are the community that carries out that work.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-to\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/translation-and-localisation\/\">Translation and localisation<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-mech-m\">Chapters produce informative translations, published with translator and date, following that area&#8217;s rules.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-standards\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"rows\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Standards<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Standards that apply<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The area profile lists 2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>. Each is a proposed standard under development.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">NS-1 \u00b7 The UNI and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Status: proposed \u00b7 10 requirements stated. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-1\/\">Read NS-1<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">NS-9 \u00b7 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Status: proposed \u00b7 5 requirements stated. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-9\/\">Read NS-9<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-problems\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"problems\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Research questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Open research questions<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">3 questions identified as priorities for the working group.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-ns-problems\"><li>M49 regions do not match how practitioners organise (for example the Middle East and North Africa spans two M49 regions); how working regions can be accommodated without departing from recognised geography.<\/li><li>How to resource translation so that regional review is not limited to English speakers.<\/li><li>How regional profiles can be kept from fragmenting the global standard.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-open\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"register-cards\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Open standards<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Open standards referenced<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">3 open standards, each with its relation as recorded in the register under NS-14. Hover over or focus a relation for its definition.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-rcards\"><div class=\"nx-ns-rgroup\"><p class=\"nx-ns-rgroup-h\"><span class=\"nx-ns-rel\" data-rel=\"adopt\" data-tip=\"Relation in which the external standard is used as published and values are validated against it.\" tabindex=\"0\">adopt<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-count\">3<\/span><\/p><a class=\"nx-ns-rcard\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-n\">UN M49 Standard country or area codes<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-b\">UN Statistics Division<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-s\">listed in the register \u00b7 un-m49<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rcard\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG22\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-n\">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-b\">W3C<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-s\">proposed for the register<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rcard\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/activitystreams-vocabulary\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-n\">Activity Streams 2.0 vocabulary<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-b\">W3C<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rcard-s\">proposed for the register<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-consoles\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"deploy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consoles<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Routing, monitoring and verification tools<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-deploy\" data-n=\"2\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/which-standards-apply\/\"><span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"today\">Available \u00b7 runs in the browser<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Routing console<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Select a sector, hazard family, capability and artefact type; the registry identifies the applicable standards and states the reasons.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/open-infrastructure\/monitoring-services\/\"><span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"pending\">In progress<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Monitoring console<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Version and source status for each standard, as published by the issuing bodies.<\/p><\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Each console computes from the registry and states its reasoning; decisions remain with the competent bodies.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-readiness\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"triptych\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readiness<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Evidence, recognition and capital pathways<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">What each institution of the ecosystem draws from this area: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada), as Secretariat, for evidence; The Global Risks Forum (GRF) for recognition; and The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) for capital.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-tri\"><div class=\"nx-ns-tri-card\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Evidence pathway<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">GCRI Canada<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">GCRI Canada decides under its own rules whether regional pilot evidence is usable; chapter activity is not acceptance.<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-tri-foot\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/gcri-ready\/\">Read the evidence pathway<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-tri-card\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Recognition pathway<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF) decides under its own rules whether to convene regional dialogues with chapters; a chapter implies no GRF recognition.<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-tri-foot\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/grf-ready\/\">Read the recognition pathway<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-tri-card\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Capital pathway<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) decides capital readiness under its own criteria; regional profiles only make regional evidence legible to its reviewers.<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-tri-foot\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/gra-ready\/\">Read the capital pathway<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Each institution determines under its own rules what it accepts as evidence; a pathway reading is neither an approval nor investment advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-feeds\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"feed-plate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Data sources<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">2 data sources named in the area profile, each with provider, licence, update frequency and delivery path.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-ns-feed nx-ns-feeds\" data-ns-feeds=\"regional-chapters\"><div class=\"nx-ns-feeds-head\"><span class=\"nx-ns-feed-state\">Data sources<\/span><p class=\"nx-p\">Data sources are listed for reference; live data is displayed once licence review is complete.<\/p><\/div><dl class=\"nx-ns-fstats\"><div><dt>Live<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span><\/dd><dd class=\"nx-ns-sub\">on completion of licence review<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Listed in the data register<\/dt><dd><svg class=\"nx-ns-meter\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 4\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nx-ns-meter-t\" width=\"100\" height=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect class=\"nx-ns-meter-v\" width=\"50\" height=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-ns-count\">1<\/span><\/dd><dd class=\"nx-ns-sub\">licence terms recorded<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Proposed for the register<\/dt><dd><svg class=\"nx-ns-meter\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 4\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nx-ns-meter-t\" width=\"100\" height=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect class=\"nx-ns-meter-v\" width=\"50\" height=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-ns-count\">1<\/span><\/dd><dd class=\"nx-ns-sub\">licence terms to be recorded<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Delivery<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span> governed service \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span> plugin \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span> browser \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">1<\/span> snapshot \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">1<\/span> listed for reference<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-ns-sub\">proposed paths in order of preference: governed data service, plugin, direct browser read, build-time snapshot; sources whose terms do not permit reuse are listed for reference only<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><ul class=\"nx-ns-fcards\"><li class=\"nx-ns-fcard\" data-delivery=\"reference\"><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-h\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\">UN M49 code list<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"pending\" data-tip=\"A data source named for reference, with its provider, licence and delivery path; live data is displayed once licence review is complete.\" tabindex=\"0\">for reference<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-p\">UN Statistics Division \u00b7 on revision<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-l\">United Nations terms of use (code list; attribution)<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-m\"><span>listed for reference<\/span><span>listed in the data register<\/span>.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"nx-ns-fcard\" data-delivery=\"snapshot\"><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-h\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups\" rel=\"noopener\">World Bank country and lending groups<\/a><span class=\"nx-ns-state\" data-s=\"pending\" data-tip=\"A data source named for reference, with its provider, licence and delivery path; live data is displayed once licence review is complete.\" tabindex=\"0\">for reference<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-p\">World Bank \u00b7 annual (1 July)<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-l\">CC BY 4.0<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-fcard-m\"><span>build-time snapshot<\/span><span>proposed for the data register<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"board\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Indicators<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The area profile names 1 indicator, each with its framework and code.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-board\"><a class=\"nx-ns-tile\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/sdgs\/metadata\/files\/Metadata-16-08-01.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">SDG global indicator framework<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-tile-code\">16.8.1<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-tile-name\">Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organisations<\/span><\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Indicator names and codes are given as published by their stewards.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-closed\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"split\" data-ns-layout=\"restricted\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Restricted standards<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Restricted compatibility profiles<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Standards whose text is not openly available are named and linked only. Any compatibility profile is kept on protected pages until an arrangement with the issuing body is in place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The working group may identify restricted standards relevant to this area; they are listed here by name and link.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-hazards\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"chips\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards and sectors<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Hazards, threats and sectors concerned<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-chipsets\"><div class=\"nx-ns-chipset\"><p class=\"nx-ns-chipset-h\">Hazards and threats <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">This area draws on the hazards of the areas it is coupled with.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-chipset\"><p class=\"nx-ns-chipset-h\">Sectors <span class=\"nx-ns-count\">0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">This area serves all sectors through the areas it is coupled with.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-refs\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"split\" data-ns-layout=\"references\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Sources<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">3 references from peer-reviewed and official publications cited in the area profile, linked at the publishers&#8217; own sites.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-ns-refs\"><li><span class=\"nx-ns-rtype\" data-type=\"peer-reviewed\"><code>peer-reviewed<\/code><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-t\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400838790\" rel=\"noopener\">The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-m\">Princeton University Press \u00b7 2011<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ns-rtype\" data-type=\"peer-reviewed\"><code>peer-reviewed<\/code><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-t\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511807763\" rel=\"noopener\">Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-m\">Cambridge University Press \u00b7 1990<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-ns-rtype\" data-type=\"official\">official<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-t\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\">UN M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-ref-m\">UN Statistics Division \u00b7 2025<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-research\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"research\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Research hub<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Recent research on this area<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Recent peer-reviewed articles, preprints, datasets and reports on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex, Crossref, DataCite, Zenodo, arXiv, Europe PMC, OpenAIRE Graph) with search terms composed from the registry. Each work is listed with its authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence, and links to its DOI or landing page. Sources not yet enabled for live display on this site are listed for reference and are not queried.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-rh\" data-rh-data=\"nx-rh-regional-chapters\" data-ns-data=\"nx-rh-regional-chapters\" data-rh-state=\"static\" data-ns-credits=\"Research metadata: OpenAlex (metadata CC0); Crossref (metadata facts); DataCite (metadata CC0); Zenodo, CERN (metadata CC0); arXiv (metadata CC0); thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability; Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI); OpenAIRE Graph (CC BY 4.0)\" aria-label=\"Research hub: Regional chapters\"><p class=\"nx-rh-terms\"><span class=\"nx-rh-label\">Search terms<\/span>regional cooperation; regional platform; regional collaboration; Web Content Accessibility Guidelines; Activity Streams 2.0 vocabulary<span class=\"nx-rh-and\">combined with: disaster risk; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a>; resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-from\">Derived from the title and scope of the area, the NHS-1 hazards it names and the open standards it lists.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-rh-sources\" aria-label=\"Sources\"><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\"><code>arXiv<\/code><\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-rh-src\" data-rh-state=\"pending\"><span class=\"nx-rh-src-name\">OpenAIRE Graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-rh-src-state\">listed for reference; not queried<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-rh-note\">No source is enabled for live display on this site yet: the sources are listed for reference and none is queried. Once the publisher of record enables a source after its terms are reviewed, recent works are listed here. Metadata and links only: title, authors, venue, year, type, open-access status and licence as each source records them; works are listed for orientation, not reviewed or endorsed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-academy\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"pathways\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Education and training<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Risk Academy courses and disciplines<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">1 course and 2 disciplines of Risk Academy (risksacademy.com) that teach the knowledge and methods of this area. Each course lists its level, stream and learning hours.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Courses<\/h3><div class=\"nx-mt-2\"><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-grid\"><a class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/policy-and-governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-acad-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 7.5l7-4 7 4m-12.5.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m4-6.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m-12.5 2 14 0\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Course RAN-307 \u00b7 Governance and policy<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-t\">Policy and Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-s\">How institutions, laws and people decide about risk, and how to tell whether policy works<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-s\">Intermediate \u00b7 Nexus stream \u00b7 21.5 learning hours<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-f\">Take this course \u00b7 risksacademy.com<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Disciplines<\/h3><div class=\"nx-mt-2\"><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-grid\"><a class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/diplomacy-global-commons\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-acad-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 7.5l7-4 7 4m-12.5.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m4-6.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m-12.5 2 14 0\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Discipline \u00b7 Governance and policy<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-t\">Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-s\">Governance and Policy faculty: regional cooperation on risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-f\">risksacademy.com<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/systems-nexus\/wefe-nexus\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-acad-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"15\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M6.6 6.2l2.6 7M13.4 6.2l-2.6 7M7 5h6\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Discipline \u00b7 Systems and nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-t\">Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-s\">Systems and Nexus faculty: regional nexus contexts<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-acad-f\">risksacademy.com<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">The correspondence between courses, disciplines and the Nexus Standards is maintained with Risk Academy and is subject to its academic review.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-network\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"network\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the network<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Programmes, tracks and courses for this area<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI Canada, The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and Risk Academy work on the subject of this area in distinct roles (research and evidence; governance, policy and convening; education and training). Each entry states why it corresponds and the step it offers; each institution sets its own terms of participation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-grid\" data-net=\"3\"><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" data-inst=\"gcri\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-net-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 15.5c3-9 5-9 7-4s4 5 7-4\"\/><path d=\"M3 17h14\"\/><\/svg><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Research and evidence<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-net-name\">GCRI Canada<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Research programmes that produce the observations, models and assessments these records describe.<\/p><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Labs<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Opens protocols and testbeds to research teams, universities and student teams.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Apply to this programme<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/future-work-skills\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Future of Work and Skills<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Studies lifelong learning and the transition from education to work.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Apply to this programme<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-agency\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Agency<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Matches experts to institutions on the basis of demonstrated competence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Apply to this programme<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\" rel=\"noopener\">therisk.global<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">All programmes of GCRI Canada<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" data-inst=\"grf\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-net-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 7.5l7-4 7 4m-12.5.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m4-6.5 0 6.5m3.5-6.5 0 6.5m-12.5 2 14 0\"\/><\/svg><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Governance, policy and convening<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-net-name\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Tracks that convene public authorities, researchers and institutions on the governance of shared risks.<\/p><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Diplomacy Nexus<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Develops regional dialogue methods.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Join this track<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Innovation Nexus<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Studies regional innovation systems.<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Join this track<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">globalriskforum.com<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">All tracks of The Global Risks Forum<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-acad-card\" data-inst=\"academy\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-net-mark\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M2.5 7.5L10 4l7.5 3.5L10 11z\"\/><path d=\"M5.5 9v4c1.2 1.3 2.7 2 4.5 2s3.3-.7 4.5-2V9M17.5 7.5v4.5\"\/><\/svg><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Education and training<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-net-name\">Risk Academy<\/p><p class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Courses and disciplines that teach the knowledge and methods practitioners need to apply these standards.<\/p><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/policy-and-governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Policy and Governance<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">RAN-307 \u00b7 Intermediate \u00b7 21.5 learning hours<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">How institutions, laws and people decide about risk, and how to tell whether policy works<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\"><span class=\"nx-link\">Take this course<\/span> <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-net-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-academy\">All courses and disciplines<span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Listed in the education and training section of this page<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"split\" data-ns-layout=\"terms\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-22\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Key terms<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><dl class=\"nx-ns-terms\"><div><dt>UNI<\/dt><dd>Unique Nexus Identifier: a persistent identifier that resolves an artefact to its record.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>proposed<\/dt><dd>A draft in the open development process that the Global Standards Council has not yet adopted. Each area profile is a proposal to the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> registry.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>adopt<\/dt><dd>Relation in which the external standard is used as published and values are validated against it.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>change record<\/dt><dd>A public record of a proposed change under NS-13, decided by the editors with written reasons.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>attestation<\/dt><dd>An evaluator&#8217;s recorded result for one clause and one subject under NS-11.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>liaison sought<\/dt><dd>A liaison the working group intends to request from the issuing body; a liaison is established only when the body confirms it in writing.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-related\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-ns-layout=\"rail\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-23\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related areas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-23\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Related areas<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><nav class=\"nx-ns-rail\" aria-label=\"Related areas\"><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 6.8L5.6 12.2M11 6.8l3.4 5.4M6.5 14h7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">National chapters<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities and contribution \u00b7 coupled<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/standards-process\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 16.5l14 0m-12 0 0-7.5m5 7.5 0-7.5m5 7.5 0-7.5m-12.5-.5 7.5-5 7.5 5z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundations and Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">How a standard is made<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Foundations \u00b7 coupled<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/readiness\/regional-chapter-pathway\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4 10.5l4 4 8-9\"\/><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"8\" stroke-opacity=\".35\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readiness and Adoption<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Regional chapter pathway<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Readiness pathways \u00b7 coupled<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/translation-and-localisation\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2.6\"\/><path d=\"M10 2.5l0 3m0 9 0 3m-7.5-7.5 3 0m9 0 3 0m-12.8-5.3 2.1 2.1m6.4 6.4 2.1 2.1m-10.6 0 2.1-2.1m6.4-6.4 2.1-2.1\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Translation and localisation<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cross-cutting capabilities \u00b7 coupled<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/global-consortium\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 6.8L5.6 12.2M11 6.8l3.4 5.4M6.5 14h7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Global consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities and contribution<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 6.8L5.6 12.2M11 6.8l3.4 5.4M6.5 14h7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Working groups<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities and contribution<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 6.8L5.6 12.2M11 6.8l3.4 5.4M6.5 14h7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Open areas and calls to build<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities and contribution<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/liaison-and-partners\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 6.8L5.6 12.2M11 6.8l3.4 5.4M6.5 14h7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Liaison register and partners<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Communities and contribution<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/academy-and-training-services\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"14\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"3\" y=\"9\" width=\"14\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M6 5h.1M6 11h.1M10 13v4M6 17h8\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Academy and training services<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Infrastructure services<\/span><\/a><a class=\"nx-ns-rail-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/education-competence-and-training\/\"><svg class=\"nx-ns-ticon\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2.6\"\/><path d=\"M10 2.5l0 3m0 9 0 3m-7.5-7.5 3 0m9 0 3 0m-12.8-5.3 2.1 2.1m6.4 6.4 2.1 2.1m-10.6 0 2.1-2.1m6.4-6.4 2.1-2.1\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Same programme<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-rail-t\">Education, competence and training<\/span><span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cross-cutting capabilities<\/span><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-library\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"library\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-24\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">23<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Research<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-24\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Recent research and sources<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Peer-reviewed articles, preprints, reports and datasets on the subject of this area, retrieved at the time of reading from open scholarly metadata services (OpenAlex and Crossref) and listed with authors, venue, year, type and access status, with a link to each work. Curated references and related standards are listed first; recent works matched by subject follow and are listed for orientation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-library\" data-ns-data=\"nx-lib-regional-chapters\" data-ns-credits=\"Metadata: OpenAlex (CC0), Crossref\"><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Curated references<\/h4><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\">UN M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">UN Statistics Division \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Official publication<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400838790\" rel=\"noopener\">The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">Princeton University Press \u00b7 2011 \u00b7 Peer-reviewed<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511807763\" rel=\"noopener\">Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">Cambridge University Press \u00b7 1990 \u00b7 Peer-reviewed<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-3\">Related standards and frameworks<\/h4><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/\" rel=\"noopener\">UN M49 Standard country or area codes<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">UN Statistics Division<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG22\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">W3C<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/activitystreams-vocabulary\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Activity Streams 2.0 vocabulary<\/a><br><span class=\"nx-note\">W3C<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Search terms, derived from the title and scope of the area: regional cooperation; regional platform; regional collaboration; combined with: disaster risk; risk reduction; resilience. With JavaScript enabled, recent works matching these terms are listed from OpenAlex and Crossref.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"uni\" data-nxf-kind=\"uni\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/nxs\/institution\/communities\/regional-chapters\/#uni\" data-nxf-title=\"Regional chapters UNI\" data-nxf-height=\"80\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"citation\" data-nxf-kind=\"citation\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/nxs\/institution\/communities\/regional-chapters\/#citation\" data-nxf-title=\"Cite Regional chapters\" data-nxf-height=\"120\" hidden><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-25-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-ns-layout=\"faq\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-25\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">24<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-25\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is the status of the Regional chapters area?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The area profile is a proposal to the Nexus Standards registry; the area is not yet in the catalogue. Standards are adopted by the Global Standards Council after last call; in each country, adoption is a decision of its National Standards Council (NSC).<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are data sources presented?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Each data source is listed with its provider, licence, update frequency and delivery path, and links to the provider&#8217;s own publication.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can this brief be amended?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Through a public change record under NS-13: a proposed amendment to the area profile or the registry, decided by the editors with written reasons.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Nexus Standards<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-as-z\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-STD<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Nexus Standards<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/nxs\/communities\/regional-chapters#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-nexustandards-com-communities-regional-chapters-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-nexustandards-com-communities-regional-chapters-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-nexustandards-com-communities-regional-chapters-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-standards-council\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> National Standards Council<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-communication-literacy\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk communication and risk literacy<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s14\"><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> NRS-S14 System profile: NXS-HUB (Knowledge, records and learning)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-26\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Standards<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-26\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute to Regional chapters<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Institutions and experts are invited to propose amendments, join the working group or propose data sources. National participation is organised through each country&#8217;s <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">National Nexus<\/a> Consortium (NNC) and its National Working Groups (NWGs); competent national authorities are engaged through official channels.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/develop-a-standard\/\">Propose a change <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/\">All areas of Communities, Learning and Contribution<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><div class=\"nx-ns-colophon\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><p class=\"nx-ns-licence\">Status and use. The Nexus Standards are proposed standards developed through an open process under NS-13 and published for voluntary use; they do not constitute certification, accreditation or regulatory approval, and adoption remains a decision of the Global Standards Council and, in each country, of its National Standards Council. A UNI (Unique Nexus Identifier) identifies an artefact; it does not certify it. Names of standards bodies and their standards belong to their stewards and are used only to identify the documents; no text of an external standard is reproduced here. Nexus Standards is not affiliated with, endorsed by or certified by any standards body named here.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-ns-colophon\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><p class=\"nx-ns-licence\">Licences: CC BY 4.0 for standards text, registries, schemas and data; Apache-2.0 for reference code. External standards are cited by name, number and link under their own licences. 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